Shiji 5 - Reign of Qin

秦 本 紀 第 五 -
Fifth reign – Qin

秦 之 先 ， 帝 顓 頊 之苗 裔 孫 曰 女 脩 。 女 脩 織 ， 玄 鳥 隕 卵 ， 女 脩 吞 之 ， 生 子 大 業 。 大 業 取 少 典 之 子 ，曰 女 華 。 女 華 生 大 費 ， 與 禹 平 水 土 。 已 成 ， 帝 錫 玄 圭 。 禹 受 曰 ： 「 非 予 能 成 ， 亦 大 費為 輔 。 」 帝 舜 曰 ： 「 咨 爾 費 ， 贊 禹 功 ， 其 賜 爾 皁 游 。 爾 後 嗣 將 大 出 。 」 乃 妻 之 姚 姓 之 玉 女 。 大 費 拜 受 ， 佐 舜 調 馴 鳥 獸 ， 鳥 獸 多 馴 服 ， 是 為 柏 翳 。 舜 賜 姓 嬴 氏 。
The ancestor of Qin was a third generation descendant of Zhuanxu, named Nüxiu. While she was weaving, a sparrow laid an egg. Nüxiu swallowed it and was impregnated with a son, which she named Daye. Daye married a daughter of Shaodian, called Nühua. She gave birth to a son, Dafei, who helped Yü order rivers and lands. His work done, the emperor rewarded Yü with a black jade tablet, but as he received it, he said: “I could not have succeeded without the help of Dafei.” Emperor Shun answered : “Ô, you, Dafei, who have seconded Yü in his works, I will give you this black pennant, and your heirs will father great heroes.” He then offered him an imperial concubine from the Yao clan as his wife. Dafei bowed and accepted, and helped Shun tame birds and beasts, many of which were domesticated. He was given the name of Boyi, and Shun rewarded him with the surname Ying.　 　

大 費 生 子 二 人 ： 一 曰 大 廉 ， 實 鳥 俗 氏； 二 曰 若 木 ， 實 費 氏 。 其 玄 孫 曰 費 昌 ， 子 孫 或 在 中 國 ， 或 在 夷 狄 。 費 昌 當 夏 桀之 時 ， 去 夏 歸 商 ， 為 湯 御 ， 以 敗 桀 於 鳴 條 。 大 廉 玄 孫 曰 孟 戲 、 中 衍 ， 鳥 身 人 言 。 帝 太 戊 聞 而 卜 之 使 御 ， 吉 ， 遂 致 使 御 而 妻 之 。 自 太 戊 以 下 ， 中 衍 之 後 ， 遂 世 有 功 ， 以 佐 殷 國 ， 故 嬴 姓 多 顯 ， 遂 為 諸 侯 。
Dafei had two sons. The first one, named Dalian, was the founder of the Niaosu family. The other one, named Ruomu, founded the Fei family. His great great son was named Feichang, some of his descendents lived in the central plains, others in the barbarian lands. In the time of tyrant Jie of Xia, Feichang left the Xia and rallied the Shang. He was the driver of the chariot of Tang when he defeated Jie in Mingtiao. The great greatsons of Dalian were named Meng Xi and Zhong Yan. Their bodies were like birds, yet they spoke like men. Emperor Taiwu heard of them, and asked the augurs whether he could take them in his service. The omens were good, so he employed them and gave them wives. After the reign of Taiwu, many generations of descendents of Zhong Yan became famous, and supported the state of Yin. As the Ying clan was very renowned, they became feudal princes.　 　

其 玄 孫 曰 中 潏 ， 在 西 戎 ， 保 西 垂 。 生 蜚 廉 。 蜚 廉 生 惡 來 。 惡 來 有 力 ， 蜚 廉 善 走 ， 父 子 俱 以 材 力 事 殷 紂 。 周 武 王 之 伐紂 ， 并 殺 惡 來 。 是 時 蜚 廉 為 紂 石 北 方 ， 還 ， 無 所 報 ， 為 壇 霍 太 山 而 報 ， 得 石 棺 ， 銘 曰 「 帝 令 處 父 不 與 殷 亂 ， 賜 爾 石 棺 以 華 氏 」 。 死 ， 遂 葬 於 霍 太 山 。 蜚 廉 復 有 子 曰 季 勝 。 季 勝 生 孟 增 。 孟 增 幸 於 周 成王 ， 是 為 宅 皋 狼 。 皋 狼 生 衡 父 ， 衡 父 生 造 父 。 造 父 以 善 御 幸 於 周 繆 王 ， 得 驥 、 溫 驪 、 驊 騮 、 騄 耳 之 駟 ， 西 巡 狩 ， 樂 而 忘 歸 。 徐 偃 王 作 亂 ， 造 父 為 繆 王 御 ， 長 驅 歸 周 ， 一 日 千 里 以 救 亂 。 繆 王 以 趙 城 封 造 父 ， 造 父 族 由 此 為 趙 氏 。 自 蜚 廉 生 季 勝 已 下 五 世 至 造 父 ， 別 居 趙 。 趙 衰 其 後 也 。 惡 來 革 者 ， 蜚 廉子 也 ， 蚤 死 。 有 子 曰 女 防 。 女 防 生 旁 皋 ， 旁 皋 生 太 几 ， 太 几 生 大 駱 ， 大 駱 生 非 子 。 以 造 父 之寵 ， 皆 蒙 趙 城 ， 姓 趙 氏 。
His great great son was named Zhong Jue. He lived among the Western Rong, where he held Xichui. He gave birth to Fei Lian, who was the father of Wu Lai. Wu Lai was strong, and Fei Lian like to travel. Father and son put their talents to the service of tyrant Zhou of Yin. When King Wu of Zhou led an expedition against Zhou, he killed Wu Lai. At that time, Fei Lian was in the northern territories, carving an outer coffin for tyrant Zhou. When he came back, he had no one to report to. He then built an altar (to Zhou) on mount Huotai, and reported on his mission. Then, he took the stone coffin, and carved on it : “The Emperor ordered Chufu not to rebel against Yin. I offer him this stone coffin, to honour his clan.” When he died, he was buried on Moung Huotai. Fei Lian had another son named Ji Sheng, who gave birth to Meng Zeng. Meng Zeng was liked by King Cheng of Zhou, who granted him the title of Gaolang of Zhai. Gao Lang gave birth to Heng Fu, who was the father of Zao Fu. As he was a fine charioteer, Zao Fu was distinguished by king Mu of Zhou, who gave him a team with the four horses Ji, Wenli, Hualiu and Lu’er. They visited the western territories, enjoyed them and forgot to come back. When king Yan of Xu revolted, Zao Fu drove the chariot of king Mu back to the royal domain, rushing over a thousand leagues a day to put off the rebellion. King Mu enfiefed Zao Fu in Zhaocheng, and since then, the clan of Zao Fu assumed the name of Zhao. Five generations after Fei Lian gave birth to Ji Zheng, Zao Fu left his clan and lived in Zhao. Zhao Shuai is one of his descendents. Wu Laige was a son a Fei Lian who died young. He had a son named NüFang, who fathered Pang Gao, and then Tai Ji, Da Luo and Feizi. Once Zao Fu was rewarded by the king, they all moved to Zhaocheng, and assumed the surname of Zhao.　 　

非 子 居 犬 丘 ， 好 馬 及 畜 ， 善 養 息 之 。 犬 丘 人 言 之 周 孝 王 ， 孝 王 召 使 主 馬 于 汧 渭 之 閒 ， 馬 大 蕃 息 。 孝 王 欲 以 為大 駱 適 嗣 。 申 侯 之 女 為 大 駱 妻 ， 生 子 成 為 適 。 申 侯 乃 言 孝 王 曰 ： 「 昔 我 先 酈 山 之 女 ， 為 戎 胥 軒 妻 ， 生 中 潏 ， 以 親 故 歸 周 ， 保 西 垂 ， 西 垂 以 其 故 和 睦 。 今 我 復 與 大 駱 妻 ， 生 適 子 成 。 申 駱 重 婚 ， 西 戎 皆 服 ， 所 以 為 王 。 王 其 圖 之 。 」 於 是 孝 王 曰 ： 「 昔 伯 翳 為 舜 主 畜 ， 畜 多 息 ， 故 有 土 ， 賜 姓 嬴 。 今 其 後 世 亦 為 朕 息 馬 ， 朕 其 分 土 為 附 庸 。 」 邑 之 秦 ， 使 復 續 嬴 氏 祀 ， 號 曰 秦 嬴 。 亦 不 廢 申 侯 之 女 子 為 駱 適 者 ， 以 和 西 戎 。
Feizi lived in Quanqiu. He liked horses and cattle, and knew how to raise and breed them. The people of Quanqiu spoke of him to king Xiao of Zhou, who summoned him and sent him breed horses between the Qian and the Wei. Soon, he had many good horses, and King Xiao intended to make him the heir of Da Luo. The wife of Daluo was a daughter of the marquis of Shen, who had given birth to a son, Cheng, who should inherit his title. The marquis of Shen then told King Xiao: “Long ago, my ancestor was a girl from mount Li, who married Xuyuan of the Rong, and gave birth to Zhongjue. Thanks to this alliance, he supported the Zhou and defended Xichui, which therefore remained peaceful. Today, I have once more given a wife to Daluo, who is the mother of his first son, Cheng. The alliance between Shen and Luo is strong, the Western Rong respect it, and this allows you to remain on the throne. I hope tat your majesty will consider this.” Then, king Xiao said : “Long ago, Shun sent Boyi breed cattle, and his herd grew large. For this reason, he was granted land, and rewarded with the surname Ying. Today, the oldest of his descendents bred my horses. I therefore wish to give him land, to keep him in my service.” Thus, he enfiefed him in Qin, entrusted him with continuing the sacrifices to the Ying clan, and granted him the title of Ying of Qin. Meanwhile, he did not dismiss the daughter of the marquis of Shen as the heir of Luo, and thus maintained peace with the western Rong.　 　

秦 嬴 生 秦 侯 。 秦 侯 立 十 年 ， 卒 。 生 公伯 。 公 伯 立 三 年 ， 卒 。 生 秦 仲 。
Ying of Qin gave birth to the marquis of Qin, who died in the tenth year of his reign. His son was named Gongbo. He died in the third year of his reign, and fathered Zhong of Qin.　 　

秦 仲 立 三 年 ， 周 厲 王 無 道 ， 諸 侯 或 叛 之 。 西 戎 反 王 室 ， 滅 犬 丘 大 駱 之 族 。 周 宣 王 即 位 ， 乃 以 秦 仲 為 大 夫 ， 誅 西 戎 。 西 戎 殺 秦 仲 。 秦 仲 立 二 十 三 年 ， 死 於 戎 。 有 子 五 人 ， 其 長 者 曰 莊 公 。 周 宣 王 乃 召 莊 公 昆 弟 五 人 ， 與 兵 七 千 人 ， 使 伐 西 戎 ， 破 之 。 於 是 復 予 秦 仲 後 ， 及 其 先 大 駱 地 犬 丘 并 有 之 ， 為 西 垂 大 夫 。
Three years after Zhong of Qin came to power, king Li of Zhou strayed away from the Way, and some feudal princes revolted. The Western Rong revolted against the Royal House, and exterminated the family of Daluo, in Quanqiu. When king Xuan of Zhou arrived on the throne, he named Zhong of Qin a minister, and sent him repress the western Rong. The Rong killed Zhong of Qin, who died in barbarian lands after twenty three years of rule. He had five sons, Duke Zhuang was the oldest of them. King Xuan of Zhou then summoned duke Zhuang and his four brothers, gave them seven thousand soldiers, and sent them fight the western Rong, which they defeated. He then reestablished him as the heir of Zhong of Qin, and also gave him the lands in Quanqiu, which belonged to Daluo, his ancestor. He therefore became governor of Xichui.

莊 公 居 其 故西 犬 丘 ， 生 子 三 人 ， 其 長 男 世 父 。 世 父 曰 ： 「 戎 殺 我 大 父 仲 ， 我 非 殺 戎 王 則 不 敢 入 邑 。 」 遂將 擊 戎 ， 讓 其 弟 襄 公 。 襄 公 為 太 子 。 莊 公 立 四 十 四 年 ， 卒 ， 太 子 襄 公 代 立 。 襄 公 元 年 ， 以 女弟 繆 嬴 為 豐 王 妻 。 襄 公 二 年 ， 戎 圍 犬 丘 ， 世 父 擊 之 ， 為 戎 人 所 虜 。 歲 餘 ， 復 歸 世 父 。 七 年 春， 周 幽 王 用 褒 姒 廢 太 子 ， 立 褒 姒 子 為 適 ， 數 欺 諸 侯 ， 諸 侯 叛 之 。 西 戎 犬 戎 與 申 侯 伐 周 ， 殺 幽王 酈 山 下。 而 秦 襄 公 將 兵 救 周 ， 戰 甚 力 ， 有 功 。 周 避 犬 戎 難 ， 東 徙 雒 邑 ， 襄 公 以 兵 送 周 平 王 。平王 封 襄 公 為 諸 侯 ， 賜 之 岐 以 西 之 地 。 曰 ： 「 戎 無 道 ， 侵 奪 我 岐 、 豐 之 地 ， 秦 能 攻 逐 戎 ， 即有 其地 。 」 與 誓 ， 封 爵 之 。 襄 公 於 是 始 國 ， 與 諸 侯 通 使 聘 享 之 禮 ， 乃 用 騮 駒 、 黃 牛 、羝 羊 各 三 ， 祠上 帝 西 畤 。 十 二 年 ， 伐 戎 而 至 岐 ， 卒 。 生 文 公 。
Duke Zhuang lived in his old domain of West Quanjiu. He gave birth to three children. The oldest was a boy, named Shifu. Shifu said : "the Rong have killed my grand father, Zhong. So long I will not have killed the king of the Rong, I will not dare come back to our city." He then left to fight the Rong, ceding the throne to his brother, duke Xiang; who became the crown prince. Duke Zhuang died in the forty fourth year of his reign. The crown prince, duke Xiang, succeeded him. In the first year of duke Xiang, he gave his younger sister, Muying, in marriage to the King of Feng. In the second year of duke Xiang, the Rong besieged Quanqian. Shifu attacked them, and was taken prisoner. He was released by the Rong more than one year later. In the seventh year, in spring, king You of Zhou, under the influence of Baosi, dismissed the crown prince, and named a son of Baosi in his stead. On several occasions, he fooled the feudal princes, who revolted against him. The Western Rong, the Quanrong and the marquis of Shen attacked the Zhou, and killed King You at the foot of mount Li. Meanwhile, duke Xiang of Qin led an army to rescue the Zhou. He fought with all his strength, and did great deed. The Zhou, threatened by the Quanrong, fled east and moved their capital to Luoyi, and duke Xiang, with his armies, escorted king Ping of Zhou. King Ping then made duke Xiang a feudal prince, and rewarded him with the territories west of mount Qi. He said: 'the Rong acted without reason. They have invaded and taken our lands in Qi and Feng. If you, Qin, can attack and chase the Rong from these regions, these lands will be yours." He then made a pact with thim, gave him a fiefdom and a title of nobility, and duke Xiang had a kingdom for the first time. In observance of rites, he exchanged ambassadors and presents with the other feudal princes, and, offering three red colts, three brown oxen and three rams, he gave a sacrifice to the Celestial Emperor, in the West Field. On the twefth year, he attacked the Rong, reached Qi, and died. His son became duke Wen.　 　

文 公 元 年 ， 居 西 垂 宮 。 三 年 ，文 公 以 兵 七 百 人 東 獵 。 四 年 ， 至 汧 渭 之 會 。 曰 ： 「 昔 周 邑 我 先 秦 嬴 於 此 ，後 卒 獲 為 諸 侯 。 」 乃 卜 居 之 ， 占 曰 吉 ， 即 營 邑 之 。 十 年 ， 初 為 鄜 畤 ， 用 三 牢 。 十 三 年 ， 初 有史 以 紀 事 ， 民 多 化 者 。 十 六 年 ， 文 公 以 兵 伐 戎 ， 戎 敗 走 。 於 是 文 公 遂 收 周 餘 民 有 之 ， 地 至 岐， 岐 以 東 獻 之 周 。 十 九 年 ， 得 陳 寶 。 二 十 年 ， 法 初 有 三 族 之 罪 。 二 十 七 年 ， 伐 南 山 大 梓 ， 豐大 特 。 四 十 八 年 ， 文 公 太 子 卒 ， 賜 謚 為 竫 公 。 竫 公 之 長 子 為 太 子 ， 是 文 公 孫 也 。 五 十 年 ， 文公 卒 ， 葬 西 山 。 竫 公 子 立 ， 是 為 寧 公 。
In the first year of duke Wen, he moved into the Palace of Xichui. During the third year, duke Wen, together with seven hundred armed men, went east to hunt. In the fourth year, he reached the confluence of Qian and Wei, and said: "long ago, Zhou gave my ancestor, Ying of Qin, a city in this land. His heirs finally have become feudal princes." He then asked the augurs whether he could live here, and the portents were good. So he had the plan of his new capital drawn. On the tenth year, for the first time, sacrifices were made in the Fu field, and the three sorts of cattle were offered there. On the thirteenth year, he began to employ en annalist to record events, and made lots of reforms among the people. In the sixteenth year, duke Wen led his soldiers attack the Rong, who were defeated and fled. At this time, duke Wen rallied new people to the Zhou. His territory extended to Qi. He gave the lands east of Qi to the Zhou. Dunring the nineteenth year, he took Chenbao. In the twentieth year, the law included for the first time punishment which extended to all one's family. In the twenty seventh year, he cut great catalpas in the Southern mountain, and hunted great bulls in Feng. In the fourty eighth year, the crown prince of duke Wen died, and was granted the posthumous title of Duke Jing. The oldest son of duke Jing, the grandson of duke Wen, was made crown prince. In the fiftieth year, duke Wen died. He was buried in the Western Mountain. The son of duke Jing was enthroned, and became duke Ning.　 　

寧 公 二 年 ， 公 徙 居 平 陽 。 遣 兵 伐 蕩 社 。 三 年 ， 與 亳戰 ， 亳 王 奔 戎 ， 遂 滅 蕩 社 。 四 年 ， 魯 公 子 翬 弒 其 君 隱 公 。 十 二 年 ， 伐 蕩 氏 ， 取 之 。 寧 公 生 十歲 立 ， 立 十 二 年 卒 ， 葬 西 山 。 生 子 三 人 ， 長 男 武 公 為 太 子 。 武 公 弟 德 公 ， 同 母 魯 姬 子 。 生 出子 。 寧 公 卒 ， 大 庶 長 弗 忌 、 威 壘 、 三 父 廢 太 子 而 立 出 子 為 君 。 出 子 六 年 ， 三 父 等 復 共 令 人 賊殺 出 子 。 出 子 生 五 歲 立 ， 立 六 年 卒 。 三 父 等 乃 復 立 故 太 子 武 公 。
In the second year of his reign, duke Ning moved his capital, and lived in Pingyang. He sent troops attack Tangshe. In the third year, he made war to Bo. The king of Boled to the Rong. Then, he destroyed Tangshe. In the fourth year, prince Hui of Lu killed his lord, duke Yin. In the twoefth year, he attacked the Tang clan, and took their land. Duke Ning was enthroned when he was ten, and reigned for twelve years. He was buried on the West Mount. He had three children. His first son, duke Wu was the crown prince. His younger brother was duke De. They were born from the same mother, dame Jizi of Lu. He had another son named Chuzi. When duke Ning died, a group of officials, led by Fu Ji, Wei Lei and Sanfu, dismissed the crown prince, and put Chuzi on the throne. In the sixth year of Chuzi, Sanfu and his supporters sent someone to assassinate Chuzi. Chuzi had been enthroned at five, and died in the sixth year of his reign. Sanfu and his clique then restored the old crown prince, duke Wu, on the throne.　 　

武 公 元 年 ， 伐 彭 戲 氏 ， 至 于 華 山 下 ， 居 平 陽 封 宮 。三 年 ， 誅 三 父 等 而 夷 三 族 ， 以 其 殺 出 子 也 。 鄭 高 渠 眯 殺 其君 昭 公 。 十 年 ， 伐 邽 、 冀 戎 ， 初 縣 之。 十 一 年 ， 初 縣 杜 、 鄭 。 滅 小 虢 。
In the first year of his reign, Duke Wu attacked the Pengxi clan, and reached the foot of Mount Hua. He moved into the palace Feng, in Pingyang. In the third year, he had Sanfu and his friends executed, together with their extended family, because they had had Chuzi killed. In Zheng, Gao Qumi killed his lord, duke Zhao. In the tenth year, he attacked Gui and Jirong, and established, for the first time, districts in these regions. In the eleventh year, he created districts in Du and Zheng. He destroyed the Little Guo.　 　

十 三 年 ， 齊 人 管 至 父 、 連 稱 等 殺 其 君 襄 公 而 立 公 孫 無 知 。 晉 滅 霍 、 魏 、 耿 。 齊 雍 廩 殺 無 知 、 管 至 父 等 而 立 齊桓 公 。齊 、 晉 為 彊 國 。
During the thirteenth year, people of Qi, including Guan Zhifu and Lian Cheng, killed their lord, duke Xiang, and put on the throne a small prince, named Wuzhi. The prince of Jin destroyed Huo, Wei and Geng. Yong Lin of Qi killed Wu Zhi, Guan Zhifu and their allies, and put duke Huan on the throne of Qi. Qi and Jin then became strong states.　 　

十 九 年 ， 晉 曲 沃 始 為 晉 侯 。 齊 桓 公 伯 於 鄄 。
In the nineteenth year, Quwo of Jin became marquis of Jin for the first time. In Juan, Duke Huan of Qi became the leader of the feudal princes.　 　

二 十 年 ， 武 公 卒 ， 葬 雍 平 陽 。 初 以 人從 死 ， 從 死 者六 十 六 人 。 有 子 一 人 ， 名 曰 白 ， 白 不 立 ， 封 平 陽 。 立 其 弟 德 公 。
In the twentieth year, duke Wu died and was buried in Yongpingyang. For the first time, people followed him in his death, and sixty six persons were buried with him. He had an only son, names Bai, who did not reign, but received Pingyang as a fief. Duke De, the brother of Duke Wu was enthroned instead.　 　

德 公 元 年 ， 初 居 雍 城 大 鄭 宮 。以 犧 三 百 牢 祠 鄜 畤 。卜 居 雍 。 後 子 孫 飲 馬 於 河 。 梁 伯 、 芮 伯 來 朝 。 二 年， 初 伏 ， 以 狗 禦 蠱 。 德 公 生 三 十 三 歲 而 立 ，立 二 年 卒 。 生 子 三 人 ： 長 子 宣 公 ，中 子 成 公 ， 少 子 穆 公 。 長 子 宣 公 立 。
In the first year of his reign, Duke De moved for the first time in Yongcheng, in the Palace Dazheng. He had three hundred oxen of the same colour sacrificed in the Fu Field, and asked the augurs whether he could live in Yong. The augur said that his descendents would lead their horses drink in the Yellow River, and that the Earls of Liang and Rui would attend the audiences of his court. In the second year, he instituted the Heated Days. And sacrificed dogs to repell vermin. Duke De was thrity three when he was enthroned, and died in the second year of his reign. He had three sons. The oldest was duke Xuan, the second one duke Cheng, and the youngest duke Mu. The oldest son, duke Xuan, was enthroned.　 　

宣 公 元 年 ， 衛 、 燕 伐 周 ， 出 惠 王 ， 立 王 子 穨 。 三 年 ， 鄭 伯 、 虢 叔 殺 子 穨 而 入 惠 王 。 四 年 ， 作 密 畤 。 與 晉 戰 河 陽 ， 勝 之 。 十 二 年 ， 宣公 卒 。 生 子 九 人 ， 莫 立 ， 立 其 弟 成 公 。
In the first year of duke Xuan, the princes of Wei and Yan attacked Zhou. They chased king Hui of his throne, and made Zitui the new king. In the third year, the count of Zheng and Shu of Guo killed Zitui and restored king Hui. In the fourth year, a sacrificial filed was established in Mi. Qin fought Jin for Heyang, which they took. In the twelfth year, duke Xuan died. He had nine sons, but none of them inherited the throne, which passed to his younger brother, duke Cheng.　 　

成 公 元 年 ， 梁 伯 、 芮 伯 來 朝 。齊 桓 公 伐 山 戎 ， 次 于孤 竹 。
In the first year of duke Cheng, the counts of Liang and Rui began attending the court audiences. Duke Huan of Qi attacked the mountain Rong, and halted in Guzhu.　 　

成 公 立 四 年 卒 。 子 七 人 ， 莫 立 ， 立 其 弟 繆 公 。
Duke Cheng died in the fourth year of his reign. He had seven sons, but none of them reigned. His brother, duke Mu, succeeded him.

繆 公 任 好 元 年 ， 自 將 伐 茅 津 ， 勝 之 。 四 年 ， 迎 婦 於 晉 ， 晉 太 子 申 生 姊 也 。 其 歲 ， 齊 桓 公 伐 楚 ， 至 邵 陵 。
During the first year of his reign, King Mou, Renhao, led an army, attacked Maojin, and was victorious. The fourth year, he went to Jin to greet a new spouse, who was the older sister of the crown prince, Shensheng. That year, duke Huan of Qi attacked Chu and reached Shaoling.　 　

五 年 ， 晉 獻 公 滅 虞 、 虢 ， 虜 虞 君 與 其 大 夫 百 里 傒 ，以 璧 馬 賂 於 虞 故 也 。 既 虜 百 里 傒 ， 以 為 秦 繆 公 夫 人 媵 於 秦 。 百 里 傒 亡 秦 走 宛 ， 楚 鄙 人 執 之 。繆 公 聞 百 里 傒 賢 ， 欲 重 贖 之 ， 恐 楚 人 不 與 ， 乃 使 人 謂 楚 曰 ： 「 吾 媵 臣 百 里 傒 在 焉 ， 請 以 五 羖羊 皮 贖 之 。 」 。 楚 人 遂 許 與 之 。 當 是 時 ， 百 里 傒 年 已 七 十 餘 。 繆 公 釋 其 囚 ， 與 語 國 事 。 謝 曰： 「 臣 亡 國 之 臣 ， 何 足 問 ！ 」 繆 公 曰 ： 「 虞 君 不 用 子 ， 故 亡 ， 非 子 罪 也。 」 固 問 ， 語 三 日 ， 繆公 大 說 ， 授 之 國 政 ， 號 曰 五 羖 大 夫 。 百 里 傒 讓 曰 ： 「 臣 不 及 臣 友 蹇 叔， 蹇 叔 賢 而 世 莫 知 。 臣 常游 困 於 齊 而 乞 食  人 ， 蹇 叔 收 臣 。 臣 因 而 欲 事 齊 君 無 知 ， 蹇 叔 止 臣， 臣 得 脫 齊 難 ， 遂 之 周 。周 王 子 穨 好 牛 ， 臣 以 養 牛 干 之 。 及 穨 欲 用 臣 ， 蹇 叔 止 臣 ， 臣 去 ， 得 不誅 。 事 虞 君 ， 蹇 叔 止 臣。 臣 知 虞 君 不 用 臣 ， 臣 誠 私 利 祿 爵 ， 且 留 。 再 用 其 言 ， 得 脫 ， 一 不 用 ，及 虞 君 難 ： 是 以 知 其賢 。 」 於 是 繆 公 使 人 厚 幣 迎 蹇 叔 ， 以 為 上 大 夫 。
In the fifth year, duke Xian of Jin destroyed the states of Yu and Guo, and took prisoners the Lord of Yu and his minister, Bailixi, whom he previously had bought with horses and jade disks. After he was captured, Bailixi was sent to escort to Qin a new spouse of Duke Mou. Bailixi then fled from Qin to Yuan, where he was caught by villagers from Chu. Duke Mou had heard that Bailixi was wise. He wanted to pay his ransom of buy his freedom, but was afraid that the people of Chu would not accept. He therefore sent someone tell the prince of Chu: "A vassal of the house of my wife, Bailixi, is staying in your state. Please accept five ram skins in payment of his ransom." The people of Chu accepted and handed him back. At that time, Bailixi was more than seventy years old. Duke Mou had him released from prison and discussed state matters with him. But he refused, saying : "I have served a state which was destroyed in the end, how could I advise you ? » Duke Mou answered: "The lord of Yu did not listen to you. This is why his state was destroyed, it is none of your fault." He insisted on questioning him, and they talked during three days. Duke Mou was delighted, entrusted him with the government of his state, and bestowed him the title of Minister of the Five Rams. Bailixi refused, saying : "I am not worth my friend, Jian Shu. He is a wise man, yet nobody knows of him. When, during one of my travels, I was lost in Qi, and had to beg for food among the people of Zhi, Jian Shu took me with him. When I decided, after that, to enter the service of Wuzhi, the lord of Qi, he dissuaded me. I could therefore avoid the catastrophes which struck Qi, and flee to Zhou. As King Zitui of Zhou liked oxen, I entered his graces by raising cattle. When he finally wanted to make me a vassal, Jian Shu stopped me, I left, and managed not to be executed. When I served the Lord of Yu, Jian Shu stopped me again. I knew that the Lord of Yu did not listen to my advice. Yet I only thought about my personal interest and the revenues if received from my function. I therefore stayed in Yu. Twice, I have followed his advice, and escaped harm. Once I did not listen to him, and followed the Lord of Yu in his doom. This is why I think he is wise." Therefore, Duke Mou sent someone invite Jian Shu, offering him rich presents. Then he made his a high ranked official.　 　

秋 ， 繆 公 自 將 伐 晉 ， 戰 於 河 曲 。 晉 驪 姬 作 亂 ， 太 子 申 生 死 新 城 ， 重 耳 、 夷 吾 出 奔 。
In automn, duke Mou led his soldiers to attack Jin, which he fought in the Bend of the Yellow River. Dame Li of Jin caused troubles, and crown prince Shensheng died in Xincheng. Zheng Er and Yi Wu fled.　 　

九 年 ， 齊 桓 公 會 諸 侯 於 葵 丘 。
In the ninth year, duke Huan of Qi assembled the feudal princes in Kuiqiu.　 　

晉 獻 公 卒 。 立 驪 姬 子 奚 齊 ， 其 臣 里 克 殺 奚 齊 。 荀 息立 卓 子 ， 克 又 殺 卓 子 及 荀 息 。 夷 吾 使 人 請 秦 ， 求 入 晉 。 於 是 繆 公 許 之 ，使 百 里 傒 將 兵 送 夷 吾 。夷 吾 謂 曰 ： 「 誠 得 立 ， 請 割 晉 之 河 西 八 城 與 秦 。 」 及 至 ， 已 立 ， 而 使 丕 鄭 謝 秦 ， 背 約 不 與 河西 城 ， 而 殺 里 克 。 丕 鄭 聞 之 ， 恐 ， 因 與 繆 公 謀 曰 ： 「 晉 人 不 欲 夷 吾 ， 實 欲 重 耳 。 今 背 秦 約 而殺 里 克 ， 皆 呂 甥 、 郤 芮 之 計 也 。 願 君 以 利 急 召 呂 、 郤 ， 呂 、 郤至 ， 則 更 入 重 耳 便 。 」 繆 公 許 之， 使 人 與 丕 鄭 歸 ， 召 呂 、 郤 。 呂 、 郤 等 疑 丕 鄭 有 閒 ， 乃 言 夷 吾 殺 丕 鄭 。 丕 鄭 子 丕 豹 奔 秦 ， 說繆 公 曰 ： 「 晉 君 無 道 ， 百 姓 不 親 ， 可 伐 也 。 」 繆 公 曰 ： 「 百 姓 苟 不 便 ， 何 故 能 誅 其 大 臣 ？ 能誅 其 大 臣 ， 此 其 調 也 。 」 不 聽 ， 而 陰 用 豹 。
When duke Xian of Jin died, Xiqi, the son of Dame Li, was enthroned, but he was assassinated by on of his vassals, Like. Xun Xi then put Zhuozi on the throne, but Li Ke had Zhuozi and Xun Xi killed. Yiwu then sent a messenger to Qin, asking him to come and rescue Jin. Duke Mou accepted, and sent Bailixi, leading an army, escort Yiwu, who said: If I really receive the throne, I will take eight cities of Jin, west of the Yellow River, and give them to Qin." Yet, after he was finally enthroned, he sent Pi Zheng thank Qin, but betrayed his promise and did not give the cities West of the River. Then he had Li Ke killed. When Pi Zheng heard of it, he feared for himself, and gave Duke Mou the following advice: "The people of Jin do not want Yiwu as their prince, they really want Zhong Er. If my prince has betrayed his promis to Qin, and had Li Ke killed, it is due to the influence of Lü Sheng and Xi Rui. I wish that you would summon Lü and Xi, making them think they can profit from it. Once they are here, we can easily put Zhong Er on the throne." Duke Mou accepted, and sent someone who came back with Pi Zheng, summoning Lü and Xi. But Lü and Xi suspected that Pi Zheng was a spy, and asked Yiwu to have him executed. His son, Pi Bao, fled to Qin, and tried to presuade king Mou, saying: "the lord of Jin is immoral, his people do not like him, you can attack him." Duke Mou answered: "With the support of his people, how could he have had a high official executed? If he could have this great vassal killed, he still enjoys some support." He did not listen to Pi Bao, but still secretly employed him.　 　

十 二 年 ， 齊 管 仲 、 隰 朋 死 。
In the twelfth year, Guang Zhong and Xi Peng of Qi died.　 　

晉 旱 ， 來 請 粟 。 丕 豹 說 繆 公 勿 與 ， 因 其 饑 而 伐 之 。繆 公 問 公 孫 支 ， 支 曰 ： 「 饑 穰 更 事 耳 ， 不 可 不 與 。 」 問 百 里 傒 ， 傒 曰 ：「 夷 吾 得 罪 於 君 ， 其 百姓 何 罪 ？ 」 於 是 用 百 里 傒 、 公 孫 支 言 ， 卒 與 之 粟 。 以 船 漕 車 轉 ， 自 雍 相 望 至 絳 。
There was a drought in Jin, who asked for cereals. Pi Bao advised Duke Mou not to give, and to take advantage of the famine to attack. Duke Mou asked Gongsun Zhi, who answered: "Famines and good crops are events which may change. You have to give them." He asked Bailixi who said: "Yiwu was not good to you, but which crime has his people commited?" He then followed the advice of Bailixi and Gongsun Zhi, and finally gave them cereals. He transported them from Ying to Jian, over boats and carts.　 　

十 四 年 ， 秦 饑 ， 請 粟 於 晉 。 晉 君 謀 之群 臣 。 虢 射 曰： 「 因 其 饑 伐 之 ， 可 有 大 功 。 」 晉 君 從 之 。 十 五 年 ， 興 兵 將 攻 秦 。 繆 公 發 兵 ， 使 丕 豹 將 ， 自往 擊 之 。 九 月 壬 戌 ， 與 晉 惠 公 夷 吾 合 戰 於 韓 地 。 晉 君 棄 其 軍 ， 與 秦 爭 利 ， 還 而 馬 騺 。 繆 公 與麾 下 馳 追 之 ， 不 能 得 晉 君 ， 反 為 晉 軍 所 圍 。 晉 擊 繆 公 ，繆 公 傷 。 於 是 岐 下 食 善 馬 者 三 百 人 馳 冒晉 軍 ， 晉 軍 解 圍 ， 遂 脫 繆 公 而 反 生 得 晉 君 。 初 ， 繆 公亡 善 馬 ， 岐 下 野 人 共 得 而 食 之 者 三 百 餘 人， 吏 逐 得 ， 欲 法 之 。 繆 公 曰 ： 「 君 子 不 以 畜 產 害 人 。 吾 聞 食 善 馬 肉 不 飲 酒 ， 傷 人 。 」 乃 皆 賜酒 而 赦 之 。 三 百 人 者 聞 秦 擊 晉 ， 皆 求 從 ， 從 而 見 繆 公 窘 ， 亦 皆 推 鋒 爭 死 ， 以 報 食 馬 之 德 。 於是 繆 公 虜 晉 君 以 歸 ， 令 於 國 ， 齊 宿 ， 吾 將 以晉 君 祠 上 帝 。 周 天 子 聞 之 ， 曰 「 晉 我 同 姓 」 ， 為 請晉 君 。 夷 吾 姊 亦 為 繆 公 夫 人 ， 夫 人 聞 之 ，乃 衰 絰 跣 ， 曰 ： 「 妾 兄 弟 不 能 相 救 ， 以 辱 君 命 。 」 繆公 曰 ： 「 我 得 晉 君 以 為 功 ， 今 天 子 為 請， 夫 人 是 憂 。 」 乃 與 晉 君 盟 ， 許 歸 之 ， 更 舍 上 舍 ， 而 饋之 七 牢 。 十 一 月 ， 歸 晉 君 夷 吾， 夷 吾 獻 其 河 西 地 ， 使 太 子 圉 為 質 於 秦 。 秦 妻 子 圉 以 宗 女 。 是 時秦 地 東 至 河 。
In the fourteenth year, there was a famine in Qin, who asked Jin for grains. The lord of Jin took the advice of his vassals. Guo She said: "take advantage of the famine to attack him could be good for us." The lord of Jin followed him. In the fifteenth year, he raised an army, and led it attack Qin. Duke Mou gathered his soldiers, named Pi Bao his general, and marched on them himself to attack them. In the nine month, on day Renxu, he battled Yiwu, duke Hui of Jin, on the territory of Han. The lord of Jin abandoned his army while it was fighting the troops of Qin, but his horse was slowed while he fled. Duke Mou and the fastest horsemen in his guard chased him. Yet they could not overtake the lord of Jin, and found themselves surrounded by enemy soldiers, who attacked and wounded duke Mou. At that moment, three hundred men from Qixia, horse meat eaters all, boldly charged the army of Jin, freeing duke Mou from his encirclement, and capturing the lord of Jin alive. Before, a fine stallion belonging to duke Mou had fled. Savage people from Qixia had captured it, and fed more than three hundred people with it. Men at arms had chased and captured them, and intended to punish them according to the law. But duke Mou had said : "a gentleman will not harm another for the sake of domestic animals or goods. Besides, I have heard that it is a pity top eat good horse meat without wine." Therefore, he offered a banquet in their honour, and pardoned them. When these three hundred men heard the Qin attacked Jin, they asked to follow the army. And when they saw that duke Mou was in trouble, all of them drew their weapons and fought to the last man, to repay for his benevolence with respect to the horse they had eaten. Then, Duke Mou, holding the lord of Jin prisoner, went back. He published a decree throughout his state, which said: "fast and purify yourself, for I am about to sacrifice the lord of Jin to the the Lord of Heaven." When the Zhou emperor heard of it, he said : "the prince of Jin belongs to my clan", and sent someone intervene in favour of Jin. Also, the elder sister of Yiwu was the first spouse of the duke Mou. When she heard of the decree, she donned mourning garments and, walking on bare feet, told the duke : "the brothers of your servant cannot help each other, or they would violate your decree." Duke Mou said: "When I captured the lord of Jin, I thought it was a great deed. But now the son of Heavens speaks in his favour, and my first spouse is so sad." He therefore signed a treaty with the lord of Jin, and agreed to send him back to his country. In the meantime, he accommodated him in his best palace, and gave him meat from the seven great sacrifices to eat. In the eleventh month, he sent Yiwu, lord of Jin, home. Yiwu then offered him his land west of the Yellow River, and sent the crown prince Yu as a hostage in Qin. The prince of Qin gave a daughter from the eldest branch of his family as a wife to prince Yu. At that time, the territory of Qin reached the Yellow River to the east.　 　

十 八 年 ， 齊 桓 公 卒 。 二 十 年 ， 秦 滅 梁、 芮 。
In the eighteenth year, duke Huan of Qi died. In the twentieth year, Qin destroyed Liang and Ruo.

二十二年，晉公子圉聞晉君病，曰：「梁，我母家也，而秦滅之。我兄弟多，即君百歲後，秦必留我，而晉輕，亦更立他子。」子圉乃亡歸晉。二十三年，晉惠公卒，子圉立為君。秦怨圉亡去，乃迎晉公子重耳於楚，而妻以故子圉妻。重耳初謝，後乃受。繆公益禮厚遇之。二十四年春，秦使人告晉大臣，欲入重耳。晉許之，於是使人送重耳。二月，重耳立為晉君，是為文公。文公使人殺子圉。子圉是為懷公。
In the twenty second year, prince Yu of Jin heard that the lord of Jin was ill, and said : « Liang is the land of my mother, but now Qin has destroyed it. I have many brothers, and when my lord will have lived one hundred years, Qin will keep me here, Jin will not care, and another son will be enthroned." Prince Yu therefore fled to Jin. In the twenty third year, duke Hui of Jin died, and prince Yu became the new lord. The prince of Qin resented that Yu had fled, so he fetched prince Zhoung'er of Jin in Chu, and married him to the former wife of prince Yu. Zhong'er first refused, but finally accepted. Duke Mu treated him with a lot of respect and generosity. The twenty fourth year, in spring, the prince of Qin sent a messenger tell the great vassals of Jin that he intended to return Zhong'er to the throne. They accepted, and send someone escort Zhong'er back. In the second month, Zhong'er was enthroned as lord of Jin, and became duke Wen. He ordered someone to kill prince Yu, who took the title of duke Huai.

其秋，周襄王弟帶以翟伐王，王出居鄭。二十五年，周王使人告難於晉、秦。秦繆公將兵助晉文公入襄王，殺王弟帶。二十八年，晉文公敗楚於城濮。三十年，繆公助晉文公圍鄭。鄭使人言繆公曰：「亡鄭厚晉，於晉而得矣，而秦未有利。晉之彊，秦之憂也。」繆公乃罷兵歸。晉亦罷。三十二年冬，晉文公卒。
That autumn, Dai, the brother of king Xiang of Zhou, allied with the Di to attack the king, who left his state and settled in Zheng. In the twenty fifth year, the king of Zhou sent someone ask for help in Jin and Qin. Duke Mu of Qin led troops to assist duke Wen of Jin restore king Xian, and killed prince Dai. In the twenty eighth year, duke Wen of Jin defeated Chu in Chengpu. In the thirtieth year, duke Mou of Qin helped duke We of Jin besiege the capital of Zheng. The prince of Zheng sent an envoy to duke Mu, who said: " The demise of Zheng will reinforce Jin, who will acquire a new territory, but there will be no benefit for Qin. If Jin becomes strong, Qin should be worried. » Duke Mou therefore disbanded his army and brought it back, and Jin had to cease its invasion. In the thirty second year, in winter, duke Wen of Jin died.

鄭人有賣鄭於秦曰：「我主其城門，鄭可襲也。」繆公問蹇叔、百里傒，對曰：「徑數國千里而襲人，希有得利者。且人賣鄭，庸知我國人不有以我情告鄭者乎？不可。」繆公曰：「子不知也，吾已決矣。」遂發兵，使百里傒子孟明視，蹇叔子西乞術及白乙丙將兵。行日，百里傒、蹇叔二人哭之。繆公聞，怒曰：「孤發兵而子沮哭吾軍，何也？」二老曰：「臣非敢沮君軍。軍行，臣子與往；臣老，遲還恐不相見，故哭耳。」二老退，謂其子曰：「汝軍即敗，必於殽阨矣。」三十三年春，秦兵遂東，更晉地，過周北門。周王孫滿曰：「秦師無禮，不敗何待！」兵至滑，鄭販賣賈人弦高，持十二牛將賣之周，見秦兵，恐死虜，因獻其牛，曰：「聞大國將誅鄭，鄭君謹修守御備，使臣以牛十二勞軍士。」秦三將軍相謂曰：「將襲鄭，鄭今已覺之，往無及已。」滅滑。滑，晉之邊邑也。
A man of Zheng sold his country to Qin, saying : « I can control the doors of the capital, and you will be able to make a surprise attack on Zheng. » Duke Mou asked Jian Shu and Bailixi, who replied : « Moving over small roads through several kingdoms and one thousand leagues in order to make a surprise attack has little chance of succeeding. Besides, just like someone has sold Zheng, how can we know no one in our state will warn Zheng of our intentions ? You should not do this. » Duke Mu said : « You do not understand, my decision is already made. » He then proceeded to mobilise his troops, and appointed the son of Bailixi, Meng Mingshi, and those of Jian Shu, Qi Xishu and Bai Yiding, as their leaders. On the day when they left, both Bailixi and Jian Shu cried. When he heard of this, duke Mu was angered and said: "My soldiers are leaving, and you are discouraging them with your tears. Why? » The two old men said : « We would not dare discourage your troops. But as the army is leaving, so are our sons. We are old, and unless the soldiers come back quick, we fear that we will never see them again. This is the only reason why we cry. » The two old men left, and told their sons : « Should your army be defeated, it will certainly happen in the gorge of Xiao." In the thirty third year, in spring, the soldiers of Qin marched east. The passed through the territory of Jin, and entered the northern gate of the Zhou capital. Prince Man of Zhou said: " The army of Qin does not behave correctly, how can she hope not be defeated?" As the soldiers reached Hua, a merchant of Zheng, named Xian Gao, led twelve oxen he intended to sell in Zhou. As he saw the soldiers of Qin, he was afraid to be killed or taken prisoner, and offered his oxen to the soldiers, saying: " I have heard that your great state is about to destroy Zheng. The lord of Zheng is hurrying to repair his fortifications and prepare his defences. He entrusted me with these twelve oxen, to comfort your officers. » The three generals of Qin talked together, saying : « we intended to surprise Zheng, yet his prince has already been warned. Our campaign will fail." They proceeded to destroy Hua, a city on the border of Zheng.

當是時，晉文公喪尚未葬。太子襄公怒曰：「秦侮我孤，因喪破我滑。」遂墨衰绖，發兵遮秦兵於殽，擊之，大破秦軍，無一人得脫者。虜秦三將以歸。文公夫人，秦女也，為秦三囚將請曰：「繆公之怨此三人入於骨髓，願令此三人歸，令我君得自快烹之。」晉君許之，歸秦三將。三將至，繆公素服郊迎，向三人哭曰：「孤以不用百里傒、蹇叔言以辱三子，三子何罪乎？子其悉心雪恥，毋怠。」遂復三人官秩如故，愈益厚之。
At that time, duke Wen of Jin was dead, but not buried yet. The crown prince, duke Xiang, said in anger : « The prince of Qin insults me. He takes advantage of our loss to destroy our city of Hua." Then, blackening his mourning robes, he led his troops ambush the soldiers of Qin in Xiao. He attacked them and badly defeated them. Not one soldier of Qin escaped, and its three generals were taken captive and brought back to Jin. The wife of duke Wen was a princess of Qin. She intervened on behalf of the three generals taken prisoners, saying : « Duke Mu detests these three men to the marrow of his bones. I wish you let the three of them return home, so that my lord can have them roasted as he wishes." The lord of Jin agreed, and sent the three generals of Qin back. When they arrived, the duke of Qin, clad in white, came to meet them in the countryside, and, facing the three men, started weeping, saying: "By not following the advices of Bailixi and Jian Shu, I have insulted the three of you. How could I accuse you of anything? May your hearts be washed clean of this humiliation, and not bear grudge. » He then restored the three men in their previous functions and ranks, and treated them with even more generosity.

三十四年，楚太子商臣弒其父成王代立。
In the thirty fourth year, the crown prince of Chu, Shangchen, killed his father, king Cheng, and claimed the throne for himself.

繆公於是復使孟明視等將兵伐晉，戰于彭衙。秦不利，引兵歸。
At that time, duke Mu sent once more Men Mingshi and other generals lead the army attack Jin. They fought a battle in Pengya, but Qin was not successful and had to bring his soldiers back.

戎王使由余於秦。由余，其先晉人也，亡入戎，能晉言。聞繆公賢，故使由余觀秦。秦繆公示以宮室、積聚。由余曰：「使鬼為之，則勞神矣。使人為之，亦苦民矣。」繆公怪之，問曰：「中國以詩書禮樂法度為政，然尚時亂，今戎夷無此，何以為治，不亦難乎？」由余笑曰：「此乃中國所以亂也。夫自上圣黃帝作為禮樂法度，身以先之，僅以小治。及其後世，日以驕淫。阻法度之威，以責督於下，下罷極則以仁義怨望於上，上下交爭怨而相篡弒，至於滅宗，皆以此類也。夫戎夷不然。上含淳德以遇其下，下懷忠信以事其上，一國之政猶一身之治，不知所以治，此真圣人之治也。」於是繆公退而問內史廖曰：「孤聞鄰國有圣人，敵國之憂也。今由余賢，寡人之害，將奈之何？」內史廖曰：「戎王處辟匿，未聞中國之聲。君試遺其女樂，以奪其志；為由余請，以疏其閒；留而莫遣，以失其期。戎王怪之，必疑由余。君臣有閒，乃可虜也。且戎王好樂，必怠於政。」繆公曰：「善。」因與由余曲席而坐，傳器而食，問其地形與其兵勢盡察，而後令內史廖以女樂二八遺戎王。戎王受而說之，終年不還。於是秦乃歸由余。由余數諫不聽，繆公又數使人閒要由余，由余遂去降秦。繆公以客禮禮之，問伐戎之形。
The king of the Rong sent Youyu on an embassy to Qin. Youyu was descended from people of Jin who had fled to the Rong, but could still speak the dialect of Jin. As he had heard that duke Mu was wise, the king sent Youyu visit Qin. Duke Mu of Qin showed him his palaces and his treasures. Youyu said: "if these were made by ghosts, they wasted their powers. If these were made by men, they impoverished their people." Duke Mu was surprised by this, and asked: "The central states are governed by the Odes and the Documents, by rites and music, by laws and rules, yet troubles never cease to happen. The Rongs and Yi have nothing of this, how do they base their rule? Don't they experience difficulties?" Youyu laughed, and replied: "These are the reason why central states have trouble. When the Yellow Emperor, in his supreme wisdom, created rites, and music, and laws and rules, he first appplied them to himself, and then limited himself to a small government. But when his heirs were on the throne, they became more arrogant and debauched from day to day. They relied upon the severity of laws and rules to oppress and govern their subjects, who became all too miserable, and, instead of being generous and just, ended up complaining about their ruler. The relations between lord and subject became a heinous struggle, where each tried to usurp and kill, until finally clans were destroyed, and every one behaved in this way. The Rong and Yi are not like this. Their rulers limit themselves to simplicity and virtue, and thus treat their subjects. Their subjects embrace honesty and loyalty, and thus serve their princes. The government of the whole country is like the attention one has for oneself. No one knows that he is ruled. And this is the true government of the saint. » Then, duke Mu took leave and saw his private historian, Jiao, and asked him : « I have heard that when a neighbouring state harbours saints, his rivals should be worried. Now, Youyu is a sage, and this can harm us. What should I do ? » The secretary, Jiao, said : « the king of the Rongs lives in hiding and retread. He never heard the music of the central kingdoms. You should try to offer him musicians, who will capture his will. Ask advices from Youyu, to split him from his prince, and keep him with you and not let him go back, so that he stays more than he should. The king of the Rong will wonder about it, and, naturally, will suspect Youyu. Once the subject is split from his lord, you can capture him. Besides, if the king of the Rong gets interested in music, he will neglect his government." Duke Mu agreed. Then, he had a mat unfolded for Youyu, had him installed there, and offered plates and fed him. He asked him about the details of the geography of his country, and the strength of its armies. Then he ordered secretary Jiao to offer twenty eight musicians to the king of the Rongs, who accepted gladly. At the end of the year, the musicians had not come back. Then the prince of Qin sent Youyu back home. He addressed, on several occasions, reproaches to his king, but was not heeded. The prince of Qin then sent several envoys to secretly ask Youyu to come back, and in the end, Youyu left and rallied Qin. Duke Mu treated him like a famous guest, then he interrogated him on the way to attack the Rongs.

三十六年，繆公復益厚孟明等，使將兵伐晉，渡河焚船，大敗晉人，取王官及鄗，以報殽之役。晉人皆城守不敢出。於是繆公乃自茅津渡河，封殽中尸，為發喪，哭之三日。乃誓於軍曰：「嗟士卒！聽無譁，余誓告汝。古之人謀黃髪番番，則無所過。」以申思不用蹇叔、百里傒之謀，故作此誓，令後世以記余過。君子聞之，皆為垂涕，曰：「嗟乎！秦繆公之與人周也，卒得孟明之慶。」
In the thirty sixth year, Duke Mu sent generous presents to Meng Ming and other generals, and sent them lead his army attack Jin. As they crossed the Yellow River, they burnt their ships, and inflicted a great defeat to the people of Jin. They took Wangguan and Jiao, thus avenging the campaign of Xiao. The people of Jin defended from inside their cities, and dare not come out. Then duke Mu himself crossed the Yellow River at the ford of Maojin. He had an altar built for the dead of Xiao, made them a funeral, and mourned them three days. After, he made a proclamation to his soldiers, which said : « O, soldiers and officers, keep quiet and listen to my oath. In the past, the old men with gray hair who advised me commited no crime." He therefore expressed his regrets of not having listened to the advices of Jian Shu and Bailixi, and made this proclamation so that future generations would not ignore his fault. When nobles heard of this, they all wept and said : « Alas ! Duke Mu of Qin knew how to respect every one, and he finally was rewarded with Meng Ming.

三十七年，秦用由余謀伐戎王，益國十二，開地千里，遂霸西戎。天子使召公過賀繆公以金鼓。三十九年，繆公卒，葬雍。從死者百七十七人，秦之良臣子輿氏三人名曰奄息、仲行、鍼虎，亦在從死之中。秦人哀之，為作歌黃鳥之詩。君子曰：「秦繆公廣地益國，東服彊晉，西霸戎夷，然不為諸侯盟主，亦宜哉。死而棄民，收其良臣而從死。且先王崩，尚猶遺德垂法，況奪之善人良臣百姓所哀者乎？是以知秦不能復東征也。」繆公子四十人，其太子罃代立，是為康公。
In the thirty fourth year,the prince of Qin, following the advice of Youyu, attacked the king of the Rongs. He increased his state by twelve principalities, expanded his territory by one thousand leagues, and exerced hegemony over the western Rong. The Son of Heaven then sent duke Guo of Zhao, to reward duke Mu with a golden drum. In the thrity ninth year, duke Mu died, and was buried in Yong. One hundred and seventy seven persons followed him in his tomb. One of the great families of Qin, the Ziyu clan, sent three persons, called Yanxi, Zhonghang and Qianhu, among those who died with the duke. The people of Qin mourned them, and made a song on the poem Yellow Bird. A gentleman said: "Duke Mu of Qin extended his territory and his state, to the east, he submitted the powerful Jin, to the west, he exerted his hegemony over the barbarians. Yet, he did not become the head of the confederation of princes, as would have befitted him. Upon his death, he left his people, and took with him his best vassals, who followed him in the grave. When the kings of old died, they only wished that their virtue and their laws would be left to their heirs. Would keeping with them the gentlemen and the best vassals not have caused suffering in the people? Thus, I know that Qin will not be able to pursue further conquests in the east." Duke Mu had forty sons. His crown prince, Ying, replaced him on the throne, and became duke Kang.

康公元年。往歲繆公之卒，晉襄公亦卒；襄公之弟名雍，秦出也，在秦。晉趙盾欲立之，使隨會來迎雍，秦以兵送至令狐。晉立襄公子而反擊秦師，秦師敗，隨會來奔。二年，秦伐晉，取武城，報令狐之役。四年，晉伐秦，取少梁。六年，秦伐晉，取羈馬。戰於河曲，大敗晉軍。晉人患隨會在秦為亂，乃使魏讎餘詳反，合謀會，詐而得會，會遂歸晉。康公立十二年卒，子共公立。
In the first year of duke Kang. The year before duke Mu died, duke Xiang of Jin had died. His younger brother was named Yong. By his mother, he was a parent of the princes of Qin. He lived in Qin. Zhao Dun of Jin intended to enthrone him. He therefore sent Sui Hui come greet Yong, and the prince of Qin sent soldiers escort him to Linghu. But Jin enthroned a son of Duke Xiang, and turned back to attack the army of Qin, which was defeated. Sui Hui fled to Qin. In the second year, Qin attacked Jin and took Wucheng, avenging the campaign of Linghu. In the fourth year, Jin attacked Qin and took Shaoliang. In the sixth year, Qin attacked Jin and tok Jima. They fought a battle in the bend of the Yellow River, where the army of Jin was badly defeated. The people of Jin were worried that Sui Hui, being in Qin, would cause trouble. So they sent Wei Shouyu, who pretended to be a rebel. He came to Sui Hui and plotted with him, lured him into joining his cause, and Suihui returned to Jin. When duke Kang died in the twelfth year of his reign, his son, duke Gong, was enthroned.

共公二年，晉趙穿弒其君靈公。三年，楚莊王彊，北兵至雒，問周鼎。共公立五年卒，子桓公立。
In the second year of duke Gong, Zhao Chuan of Jin killed his lord, duke Ling. In the third year, king Zhuang of Chu became powerful. He sent his soldiers north to Luo, and demanded the nine tripods from Zhou. When duke Gong died, in the fifth year of his reign, his son, duke Huan was enthroned.

桓公三年，晉敗我一將。十年，楚莊王服鄭，北敗晉兵於河上。當是之時，楚霸，為會盟合諸侯。二十四年，晉厲公初立，與秦桓公夾河而盟。歸而秦倍盟，與翟合謀擊晉。二十六年，晉率諸侯伐秦，秦軍敗走，追至涇而還。桓公立二十七年卒，子景公立。
In the third year of duke Huan, Jin defeated one general of Qin. In the tenth year, king Zhuang of Chu submitted Zheng, and, marching northwards, defeated the soldiers of Jin on the upper course of the Yellow River. At that time, Chu was a hegemon, his prince organised the conferences and treaties of all feudal princes. In the twenty fourth year, duke Li of Jin was crowned, he met duke Huan of Qin on the banks of the Yellow River and signed a treaty with him. But as he came home, the prince of Qin betrayed the pact, and plotted with the Di to attack Jin. In the twenty sixth year, Jin led the feudal princes attack Qin, the army of Qin was defeated and sent fleeing. They chased it until they reached the Jing, and returned. In the twenty seventh year, duke Huan died. His son, duke Jing, was crowned.

景公四年，晉欒書弒其君厲公。十五年，救鄭，敗晉兵於櫟。是時晉悼公為盟主。十八年，晉悼公彊，數會諸侯，率以伐秦，敗秦軍。秦軍走，晉兵追之，遂渡涇，至棫林而還。二十七年，景公如晉，與平公盟，已而背之。三十六年，楚公子圍弒其君而自立，是為靈王。景公母弟後子鍼有寵，景公母弟富，或譖之，恐誅，乃奔晉，車重千乘。晉平公曰：「后子富如此，何以自亡？」對曰：「秦公無道，畏誅，欲待其後世乃歸。」三十九年，楚靈王彊，會諸侯於申，為盟主，殺齊慶封。景公立四十年卒，子哀公立。后子復來歸秦。
In the fourth year of duke Jing, Luan Shu of Jin killed his lord, duke Li. In the fifteenth year, Qin relieved Zheng and defeated the soldiers of Jin in Li. At that time, duke Dao of Jin became the head of the confederation of princes. In the eighteenth year, duke Dao of Jin became strong, he met with the feudal princes on several occasions, and led them attack Qin, which he defeated. As the army of Qin fled, the troops of Jin chased it. They forded the Jing, reached Yulin and returned. In the twenty seventh year, duke Jing went to Jin and signed a treaty with duke Ping, which it then betrayed. In the thirty sixth year, prince Wei of Chu killed his lord, and claimed the throne for himself, becoming king Ling. The younger brother of the mother of duke Jing, prince Qian, was a favourite of the duke. As he was rich, he was slandered by some. As he feared to be executed, he fled to Jin with several thousand chariots and horses. Duke Ping of Jin told him: "Rich as you are, why did you flee?" He replied : "the duke of Qin is lawless, and I feared to be killed. So I will wait until his heirs succeed him to return." In the thirty ninth year, king Ling of Chu became powerful, and held a conference with the feudal princes in Shen, which he headed. He had Qing Feng of Qi executed. In the fortieth year, duke Jing died. His son duke Ai was crowned, and prince Qian returned to Qin.

哀公八年，楚公子棄疾弒靈王而自立，是為平王。十一年，楚平王來求秦女為太子建妻。至國，女好而自娶之。十五年，楚平王欲誅建，建亡；伍子胥奔吳。晉公室卑而六卿彊，欲內相攻，是以久秦晉不相攻。三十一年，吳王闔閭與伍子胥伐楚，楚王亡奔隨，吳遂入郢。楚大夫申包胥來告急，七日不食，日夜哭泣。於是秦乃發五百乘救楚，敗吳師。吳師歸，楚昭王乃得復入郢。哀公立三十六年卒。太子夷公，夷公蚤死，不得立，立夷公子，是為惠公。
In the eighth year of duke Ai, prince Qiji of Chu killed king Ling and claimed the throne for himself, becoming king Ping. In the eleventh year, king Ping of Chu came to Qin, to demand a princess to marry his crown prince, Jian. As she arrived in his state, he likes the girl and took her for himself. In the fifteenth year, king Ping of Chu intended to have Jian executed, and Jian fled. Wu Zixu defected to Wu. The house of the dukes of Jin grew weak, as the families of its six ministers grew stronger, and contended with each other in the country. For this reason, there were no wars between Qin and Jin for a long time. In the thirty first year, the king of Wu, Helü, and Wu Zixu attacked Chu. The king of Chu fled to Sui, and the army of Wu entered Ying. A dignitary of Chu, Shen Baoxu came to Qin to ask for help. For seven days, he did not eat, and wept days and night. Then, the lord of Qin sent five hundred horsemen relieve Chu. They defeated the army of Wu, and sent it back to its country. Then, king Zhao of Chu could return to Ying. In the thirty sixth year, duke Ai died. His crown prince, duke Yi, had died young, and was not crowned. The throne therefore passed to his son, who became duke Hui.

惠公元年，孔子行魯相事。五年，晉卿中行、范氏反晉，晉使智氏、趙簡子攻之，范、中行氏亡奔齊。惠公立十年卒，子悼公立。
In the first year of duke Hui, Confucius became minister of Lu. In the fifth year, two families of Jin, the Zhongxing and the Fan clan, revolted against Jin, who sent lord Zhi and prince Jian of Zhao attack them. Lord Fan and Zhongxin fled to Qi. In the fifteenth year, duke Hui died. His son, duke Dao was crowned.

悼公二年，齊臣田乞弒其君孺子，立其兄陽生，是為悼公。六年，吳敗齊師。齊人弒悼公，立其子簡公。九年，晉定公與吳王夫差盟，爭長於黃池，卒先吳。吳彊，陵中國。十二年，齊田常弒簡公，立其弟平公，常相之。十三年，楚滅陳。秦悼公立十四年卒，子厲共公立。孔子以悼公十二年卒。
In the second year of duke Dao, a vassal of Qi, Tian Qi, killed his lord, prince Ru, and enthroned his older brother, Yangsheng, who became duke Dao. In the sixth year, Wu defeated the army of Qi. The people of Qi killed duke Dao, and crowned his son, duke Jian. In the ninth year, duke Ding of Jin made an alliance with the king of Wu, Fuchai. They contended for leadership in Huangchi and Wu finally obtained pre-eminence. Wu was the strong, and looked down on central states. In the twelfth year, Tian Chang of Qi killed duke Jian, his brother, duke Ping, was crowned, and Tian Chang became his minister. In the thirteenth year, Chu destroyed Chen. In the fourteenth year, duke Dao of Qin died. His son, duke Ling was crowned. Confucius died in the twelfth year of duke Dao.

厲共公二年，蜀人來賂。十六年，塹河旁。以兵二萬伐大荔，取其王城。二十一年，初縣頻陽。晉取武成。二十四年，晉亂，殺智伯，分其國與趙、韓、魏。二十五年，智開與邑人來奔。三十三年，伐義渠，虜其王。三十四年，日食。厲共公卒，子躁公立。
In the second year of duke Ligong, the people of Shu came to offer presents. In the sixteenth year, a ditch was dug on the bank of the Yellow River. Twenty thousand men were sent to attack Dali, and its capital was taken. In the twenty first year, a district was established in Binyang. Jin took Wucheng. In the twenty fourth year, there were troubles in Jin. The count of Zhi was killed, and his land was split between Zhao, Han and Wei. In the twenty fifth year, Kai of Zhi and people from his city came to Qin fleeing. In the thirty third year, Qin attacked the Yiqu and captured their king. In the thirty fourth year, the sun was eclipsed. Duke Ligong died, and his son, duke Zao, was crowned.

躁公二年，南鄭反。十三年，義渠來伐，至渭南。十四年，躁公卒，立其弟懷公。
In the second year of duke Zao, there was a rebellion in Nanzheng. In the thirteenth year, the Yiqu came to attack Qin, and reached the southern bank of the Wei. In the fourteenth year, duke Zao died, and his borther, duke Huai, was crowned.

懷公四年，庶長朝與大臣圍懷公，懷公自殺。懷公太子曰昭子，蚤死，大臣乃立太子昭子之子，是為靈公。靈公，懷公孫也。
In the fourth year of duke Huai, Shuzhang Zhao and some great vassal besieged duke Huai, who commited suicide. His crown prince was named prince Zhao, he died early, and the great vassals crowned his son, who became duke Ling. Duke Ling was the grandson of duke Huai.

靈公六年，晉城少梁，秦擊之。十三年，城籍姑。靈公卒，子獻公不得立，立靈公季父悼子，是為簡公。簡公，昭子之弟而懷公子也。
In the sixth year of duke Ling, Jin fortified Shaoliang, and Qin attacked it. In the thirteenth year, Qin fortified Jigu. When duke Ling died, his son, duke Xian, was not enthroned. The youngest paternal uncle of duke Hai, prince Dao was crowned instead, as duke Jian. He was the younger brother of prince Zhao, and a son of duke Huai.

簡公六年，令吏初帶劍。塹洛。城重泉。十六年卒，子惠公立。
In the sixth year of duke Huai, officials were allowed to wear swords for the first time. A ditch was dug on the Luo, and Zhongquan was fortified. The duke died in the sixteenth year, and his son, duke Hui was crowned.

惠公十二年，子出子生。十三年，伐蜀，取南鄭。惠公卒，出子立。
In the twelfth year of duke Hui, his son, prince Chu was born. In the thirteenth year, Qin attacked Shu and took Nanzheng. When duke Hui died, prince Chu was crowned.

出子二年，庶長改迎靈公之子獻公于河西而立之。殺出子及其母，沈之淵旁。秦以往者數易君，君臣乖亂，故晉復彊，奪秦河西地。
In the second year of prince Chu, Shuzhang Gai went to fetch the son of duke Lin, duke Xian, west of the Yellow River, and crowned him. He killed prince Chu and his mother, by drowning them in a deep pool. Over a few years, Qin had changed lords several times, and his vassals had rebelled and created troubles. Jin thus became powerful again, and took back some territory from Qin, west of the Yellow River.

獻公元年，止從死。二年，城櫟陽。四年正月庚寅，孝公生。十一年，周太史儋見獻公曰：「周故與秦國合而別，別五百歲復合，合（七）十七歲而霸王出。」十六年，桃冬花。十八年，雨金櫟陽。二十一年，與晉戰於石門，斬首六萬，天子賀以黼黻。二十三年，與魏晉戰少梁，虜其將公孫痤。二十四年，獻公卒，子孝公立，年已二十一歲矣。
In the first year of duke Xian, collective burials were abolished. In the second year, Qin fortified Liyang. On day Gengyin of the first month of the fourth year, duke Xiao was born. In the eleventh year, the annalist of Zhou, Dan, visited duke Xian and said: "The two states of Zhou and Qin were once united and then split. After five hundred years of disunion, they will be together again, after seventeen (seventy seven) years of union, a hegemon king will be born in Qin." In the sixteenth year, peach trees blossomed in winter. In the eighteenth year, a reain of gold fell on Liyang. In the twenty first year, a battle was fought against Jin in Shimen, and sixty thousand heads were cut. The son of Heaven rewarded Qin with brocades. In the twenty third year, a battle with Wei and Jin was fought in Shaoliang, and the enemy general, prince Cou, was captured. In the twenty fourth year, duke Xian died. His son, duke Xiao, was crowned. He was already twenty one.

孝公元年，河山以東彊國六，與齊威、楚宣、魏惠、燕悼、韓哀、趙成侯并。淮泗之閒小國十餘。楚、魏與秦接界。魏筑長城，自鄭濱洛以北，有上郡。楚自漢中，南有巴、黔中。周室微，諸侯力政，爭相。秦僻在雍州，不與中國諸侯之會盟，夷翟遇之。孝公於是布惠，振孤寡，招戰士，明功賞。下令國中曰：「昔我繆公自岐雍之閒，修德行武，東平晉亂，以河為界，西霸戎翟，廣地千里，天子致伯，諸侯畢賀，為後世開業，甚光美。會往者厲、躁、簡公、出子之不寧，國家內憂，未遑外事，三晉攻奪我先君河西地，諸侯卑秦、醜莫大焉。獻公即位，鎮撫邊境，徙治櫟陽，且欲東伐，復繆公之故地，修繆公之政令。寡人思念先君之意，常痛於心。賓客群臣有能出奇計彊秦者，吾且尊官，與之分土。」於是乃出兵東圍陜城，西斬戎之獂王。
In the first year of duke Xiao, six mighty states extended east of the Yellow River and the mountains. The were uniter by prince Wei of Qi, Xuan of Chu, Hui of Wei Dao of Yan, Ai of Han and Cheng of Zhao. Between Huai and Si, there were more than ten small states. Chu and Wei shared a common border with Qin. Wei had a great wall built, which went north from Zheng, along the banks of the Luo, and surrounded the commandery of Shang. The territory of Chu extended from Hanzhong to Ba and Qianzhong in the south. The House of Zhou was weak, feudal princes ruled by force, and contended with each other. Qin reached far from Yongzhou, did not sign alliances with the feudal princes of the central states, and ahd relations with the Yis and Dis. Then, duke Xiao extended his kindness over everyone, he assisted the orphan and the poor, attracted warriors of valour, and rewerded the best of them. He had a decree published in the country, which said : « Long ago, our duke Mu started with the land between Qi and Yong. He cultivated virtue and led military campaigns. To the east, he pacified the rebels from Jin, and made the Yellow River his border. To the west, he ruled over the Rongs and Dis, and expanded his territory over more than one thousand leagues. The son of Heaven made him a duke, and all feudal princes paid homage to him. He established a heirloom for future generations, so glourious and beautiful. Then, in the recent past, dukes Li, Zao and Jian, and prince Chu, were not peaceful. Our state suffered misfortune inside its borders, and could not devote itself to foreign ventures. The three Jins attacked and seized the lands west of the Yellow River, which our forefathers had conquered. Feudal princes came to despise, and nothing was more humiliating. When duke Xian was enthroned, he took back our borders, and moved his government to Liyang. Soon, he would lead campaigns to the east, to reconquer the old lands of king Mu. When I recall the spirit of our ancient lords, my heart always feel sorrow. Should, among my retainers and vassals, someone be able to design a crafty plan to restore the might of Qin, I would reward him with an official charge and share my land with him." Then, he sent soldiers east to besiege Xiacheng, and went westwards to kill king Yuan of the Rongs.

衛鞅聞是令下，西入秦，因景監求見孝公。
When Yang of Wei heard of the decree, he travelled west to Qin, and asked Jing Jian to manage him and audience with duke Xiao.

二年，天子致胙。
In the second year, the son of Heaven sent meat from his ancestral temple to Qin.

三年，衛鞅說孝公變法修刑，內務耕稼，外勸戰死之賞罰，孝公善之。甘龍、杜摯等弗然，相與爭之。卒用鞅法，百姓苦之；居三年，百姓便之。乃拜鞅為左庶長。其事在商君語中。
In the third year, Yang of Wei persuaded duke Xiao to change his laws and mend his criminal code. Inside the country, he strived to develop agriculture. Outside, he suggested to use a system of rewards of punishment based upon the number of enemy killed in battle. Duke Xiao liked them. Gan Long, Du Zhi and others disagreed, and tried to oppose them, but the laws of Yang were finally adopted, and the people suffered under them. Yet, after a few years, the people benefited from it. The duke then rewarded Yang by making him left Shuzhang. These facts are told in the discourses of Lord Shang.

七年，與魏惠王會杜平。八年，與魏戰元裏，有功。十年，衛鞅為大良造，將兵圍魏安邑，降之。十二年，作為咸陽，筑冀闕，秦徙都之。并諸小鄉聚，集為大縣，縣一令，四十一縣。為田開阡陌。東地渡洛。十四年，初為賦。十九年，天子致伯。二十年，諸侯畢賀。秦使公子少官率師會諸侯逢澤，朝天子。
In the seventh year, the duke met king Hui of Wei in Duping. In the eighth year, he battled Wei in Yuanli, and triumphed. In the tenth year, Yang of Wei was made Daliangzao. He led the army besiege Anyi in Wei, and submitted it. In the twelth year, he established Xianyang, fortified the door of Ji, and the capital of Qin was poved there. He grouped small counties and hamlets into into larger districts. Every district had a prefect. There were forty one of them. He had ploughed fields separated by a network of small paths. To the east, the territory of Qi reached over the Luo. I, the fourteenth year, he established conscription. In the nineteenth year, the son of Heaven rewarded Qin with a title of hegemon. In the twentieth year, all feudal princes sent presents. Then the duke of Qin dispatched prince Saoguan, leading an army, to meet with the feudal princes in Fengze, and went to the court audiences of the Son of Heaven.

二十一年，齊敗魏馬陵。
In the twenty first year, Qi defeated Wei in Maling.

二十二年，衛鞅擊魏，虜魏公子卬。封鞅為列侯，號商君。
In the twenty second year, Yang of Wei attacked Wei and captured prince Ang of Wei. He was rewarded with a fiefdom and became Lord Shang.

二十四年，與晉戰雁門，虜其將魏錯。
In the twenty fourth year, a battle was fought against Jin in Yanmen, and Wei Cuo, the general of Jin, was captured.

孝公卒，子惠文君立。是歲，誅衛鞅。鞅之初為秦施法，法不行，太子犯禁。鞅曰：「法之不行，自於貴戚。君必欲行法，先於太子。太子不可黥，黥其傅師。」於是法大用，秦人治。及孝公卒，太子立，宗室多怨鞅，鞅亡，因以為反，而卒車裂以徇秦國。
When duke Xiao died, his son, lord Huiwen was crowned. That year, he had Yang of Wei executed. Before, after Yan of Wei had presented his new laws, but before they began being applied, the crown prince had transgressed them. Yang had said: "Before the laws can be enforced, they must apply to the nobles and their families. If your lordship wants them to be enforced, he must start with the crown prince. As one cannot tattoo the crown prince in the face, tattoo his tutor." From then on, the law was widely enforced, and paix reigned in the people of Qin. When duke Xiao finally died, the crown prince was enthroned, and many members of the ducal household complained about Yang of Wei, who had to flee, and was because of this considered a rebel. He was finally quartered, to serve as an exemple to all in the Qin state.

惠文君元年，楚、韓、趙、蜀人來朝。二年，天子賀。三年，王冠。四年，天子致文武胙。齊、魏為王。
In the first year of lord Huiwen, people of Chu, Han, Zhao and Shu came to the court audiences. In the second year, the son of Heaven offered present to Qin. In the third year, the king was crowned. In the fourth year, the son of Heaven sent Qin meat offerings from the ancestral temple of king Wen and Wu. Qi and Wei claimed the royal title.

五年，陰晉人犀首為大良造。六年，魏納陰晉，陰晉更名寧秦。七年，公子卬與魏戰，虜其將龍賈，斬首八萬。八年，魏納河西地。九年，渡河，取汾陰、皮氏。與魏王會應。圍焦，降之。十年，張儀相秦。魏納上郡十五縣。十一年，縣義渠。歸魏焦、曲沃。義渠君為臣。更名少梁曰夏陽。十二年，初臘。十三年四月戊午，魏君為王，韓亦為王。使張儀伐取陜，出其人與魏。
In the fifth year, a native of Yinjin, Xishuo, became Dalaingzao. In the sixth year, the lord of Wei offered Qin the city of Yinjin, which was renamed Ningqin. In the seventh year, prince Ang fought a battle against Wei. He captured its general, Long Jia, and cut eigthy thousand heads. In the eighth year, Wei offered the territories west of the Yellow River. In the nine year, the army crossed the Yellow River and seized Fenyin and Pishi. The lord met with the king of Wei in Ying, and besieged Jiao, which fell. IN the tenth year, Zhang Yi became minister of Qin. Wei offred fifteen districts from the commandery of Shang. In the eleventh year, the district of Yiqu was established, and Jiao and Quwu were given back to Wei. The lord of Yiqu became a vassal. Shaoliang was renamed as Xiayang. In the twelfth year, winter offerings were done for the first time. On day Wuwu of the fourth month of the thirteent year, the lord of Wei claimed the royal title, and so did the lord of Han. Zhang Yi was sent to attack Xia. He took it and deported all its population to Wei.

十四年，更為元年。二年，張儀與齊、楚大臣會齧桑。三年，韓、魏太子來朝。張儀相魏。五年，王游至北河。七年，樂池相秦。韓、趙、魏、燕、齊帥匈奴共攻秦。秦使庶長疾與戰修魚，虜其將申差，敗趙公子渴、韓太子奐，斬首八萬二千。八年，張儀復相秦。九年，司馬錯伐蜀，滅之。伐取趙中都、西陽十年，韓太子蒼來質。伐取韓石章。伐敗趙將泥。伐取義渠二十五城。十一年，摢裏疾攻魏焦，降之。敗韓岸門，斬首萬，其將犀首走。公子通封於蜀。燕君讓其臣子之。十二年，王與梁王會臨晉。庶長疾攻趙，虜趙將莊。張儀相楚。十三年，庶長章擊楚於丹陽，虜其將屈丐，斬首八萬；又攻楚漢中，取地六百里，置漢中郡。楚圍雍氏，秦使庶長疾助韓而東攻齊，到滿助魏攻燕。十四年，伐楚，取召陵。丹、犁臣，蜀相壯殺蜀侯來降。
The fourteenth year was renamed as the first. In the second year, Zhang Yi met with the great vassals of Qi and Chu in Niesang. In the third year, the crown princes of Han and Wei came to the court audiences. Zhang Yi became minister of Wei. In the fifth year, the king travelled to the north of the Yellow River. In the seventh year, Yue Chi became minister of Qin. Han, Zhao, Wei, Yan and Qi allied with the Xiongnu to attack Qin together. The lord of Qin sent Shuzhang Ji battled them in Xiuyu. He took their general, Shen Chai, prisoner, defeated prince Ke of Zhao and crown prince Huan of Han, and eighty two thousand heads were cut. In the eighth year, Zhang Yi was minister of Qin again. In the ninth year, Sima Cuo attacked Shu and destroyed it. Zhao was attacked, and Zhongdu and Xiyang taken. In the tenth year, crown prince Cang of Han came to Qin as a hostage. Han was attacked and Shizhang taken. General Ni of Zhao was attacked and defeated. Twenty fives cities from Yiqu were seized. The eleventh year, Chu Liji attacked Jiao, in Wei, and submitted it. The army of Han was defeated in Anmen, ten thousand heads were cut, and its general, Xishou, was sent fleeing. Shu was given as a fief to prince Tong. The lord of Yan abdicated, in favour of his vassal, Zizhi. In the twelfth year, the king met with the king of Liang in Linjin. Shuzhang Ji attacked Zhao. Its general Zhuang, was taken prisoner. Zhang Yi became minister of Chu. In the thirteenth year, Shuzhang Zhang attacked Chu in Danyang. He captured his general, Qugai and cut eighty thousand heads. Then he attacked Hanzhong, in Chu, took six hundred leagues of territory, and established the commandery of hanzhong. As Chu was besieging Yongshi, Qin sent Shuzhang Ji reliever Han Qi in the east. Daoman rescued Wei by attacking Yan. In the fourteenth year, he attacked Chu and took Zhaoling. Dan and Li became vassal, and Zhuang, the minister of Shu, executed the marquis of Shu and submitted.

惠王卒，子武王立。韓、魏、齊、楚、越皆賓從。
When king Hui died, his son, king Wu was crowned. Han, Wei, Qi, Chu and Yue all submitted to Qin.

武王元年，與魏惠王會臨晉。誅蜀相壯。張儀、魏章皆東出之魏。伐義渠、丹、犁。二年，初置丞相，摢裏疾、甘茂為左右丞相。張儀死於魏。三年，與韓襄王會臨晉外。南公揭卒，摢裏疾相韓。武王謂甘茂曰：「寡人欲容車通三川，窺周室，死不恨矣。」其秋，使甘茂、庶長封伐宜陽。四年，拔宜陽，斬首六萬。涉河，城武遂。魏太子來朝。武王有力好戲，力士任鄙、烏獲、孟說皆至大官。王與孟說舉鼎，絕臏。八月，武王死。族孟說。武王取魏女為后，無子。立異母弟，是為昭襄王。昭襄母楚人，姓羋氏，號宣太后。武王死時，昭襄王為質於燕，燕人送歸，得立。
In the first year of his reign, king Wu met with king Hui of Wei in Linjin. Zhuang, the minister of Shu, was executed. Zhang Yi and Wei Zhang both fled east to Wei. Qin attacked Yiqu, Dan, and Li. In the second year, the title of vice-minister (Chengxiang) was instituted, and Huli Ji and Gao Mao were named vice ministers of the left and right. Zhang Yi died in Wei. In the third year, the king met with king Xiang of Han outside of Linjin. When Jie, duke of Nan, died, Hu Liji became minister of Han. King Wu told Gan Mao : « I wish I could peacefully drive my chariot to Sanchuan, so that I could keep an eye on the House of Zhou. Then, I could die without remorse. » That autumn, he sent Gan Mao and Shuzhang Feng attack Yiyang. In the fourth year, he took Yiyang and cut sixty thousand haeds. Crossing the Yellow River, he fortified Wusui. The crown prince of Wei went to our court audiences. King Wu was strong, and liked contests. Three strong men, Ren Bi, Wu Huo and Meng Yue were therefore became high officials. As the king pitted himself against Meng Yue, lifting tripods, he broke his knee. In the eighth month, king Wu died, and Meng Yue was executed with all his family. King Wu had taken a princess of Wei has his queen, she had no son. His half brother was crowned as king Zhaoxiang. His mother was a native of Chu, named Mie, who assumed the title of queen Xuan. When king Wu died, king Zhaoxiang was a hostage in Yan. The people of Yan escorted him back, so that he be enthroned.

昭襄王元年，嚴君疾為相。甘茂出之魏。二年，彗星見。庶長壯與大臣、諸侯、公子為逆，皆誅，及惠文后皆不得良死。悼武王后出歸魏。三年，王冠。與楚王會黃棘，與楚上庸。四年，取蒲阪。彗星見。五年，魏王來朝應亭，復與魏蒲阪。六年，蜀侯煇反，司馬錯定蜀。庶長奐伐楚，斬首二萬。涇陽君質於齊。日食，晝晦。七年，拔新城。摢裏子卒。八年，使將軍羋戎攻楚，取新市。齊使章子，魏使公孫喜，韓使暴鳶共攻楚方城，取唐眛。趙破中山，其君亡，竟死齊。魏公子勁、韓公子長為諸侯。九年，孟嘗君薛文來相秦。奐攻楚，取八城，殺其將景快。十年，楚懷王入朝秦，秦留之。薛文以金受免。樓緩為丞相。十一年，齊、韓、魏、趙、宋、中山五國共攻秦，至鹽氏而還。秦與韓、魏河北及封陵以和。彗星見。楚懷王走之趙，趙不受，還之秦，即死，歸葬。十二年，樓緩免，穰侯魏冉為相。予楚粟五萬石。
In the first year of king Zhaoxiang, Ji, the lord of Yan, became minister. Gan Mao fled to Wei. In the second year, a comet was seen. Shuzhang Zhuang, together with great vassals, feudal princes and blood princes, rebelled, all were executed. Even queen Huiwen did not die a natural death. Queen Daowu fled back to Wei. In the third year, the king became adult. He met with the king of Chu in Huangji, and gave Shangyong to Chu. In the fourth year, he took Puban. A comet was seen. In the fifth year, the king of Wei came to the court audiences in the pavilion Ying, and Puban was returned to Wei. In the sixth year, Hui, the marquis of Shu, rebelled. Sima Cuo pacified Shu. Shuzhang Huan attacked Chu, and cut twenty thousand heads. The lord of Jingyang became a hostage in Qi. The sun was eclipsed, and there was night during the day. In the seventh year, Xincheng was taken. Prince Huli died. In the eighth year, general Mie Rong was sent to attack Chu. He took Xinshi. Qi dispatched prince Zhang, Wei, prince Xi, and Han, Bao Yuan, to attack the fortifications of Chu, they took Tangmei. Zhao attacked the Zhongshan. Their lord fled and finally died in Qi. Prince Jing of Wei and prince Chang of Han became feudal princes. In the ninth year, lord Mengchang, Xie Wen, came to Qin and became minister. Huan attacked Chu, took eight cities and killed their general, Jing Kuai. In the tenth year, king Huai of Chu went to the court audiences of Qin, and the king of Qin kept him in Qin. Because of Jin Shou, Xie Wen had to flee. Luo Huan became vice minister. In the eleventh year, five kingdoms, Qi, Han, Wei, Zhao, Song and Zhongshan, jointly attacked Qin. They reached Yanshi and turned back. Qin gave Han and Wei the lands north of the Yellow River and Fengling, to sue for peace. A comet was seen. King Huai of Chu fled to Zhao, but the prince of Zhao did not want him, and sent him back to Qin, where he died. His body was sent back to be buried. In the twelfth year, Lou Huan defected, and the marquis of Rang, Wei Ran, became minister. Five hundred thousand bushels of grain were given to Chu.

十三年，向壽伐韓，取武始。左更白起攻新城。五大夫禮出亡奔魏。任鄙為漢中守。十四年，左更白起攻韓、魏於伊闕，斬首二十四萬，虜公孫喜，拔五城。十五年，大良造白起攻魏，取垣，復予之。攻楚，取宛。十六年，左更錯取軹及鄧。冉免，封公子市宛，公子悝鄧，魏冉陶，為諸侯。十七年，城陽君入朝，及東周君來朝。秦以垣為蒲阪、皮氏。王之宜陽。十八年，錯攻垣、河雍，決橋取之。十九年，王為西帝，齊為東帝，皆復去之。呂禮來自歸。齊破宋，宋王在魏，死溫。任鄙卒。二十年，王之漢中，又之上郡、北河。二十一年，錯攻魏河內。魏獻安邑，秦出其人，募徙河東賜爵，赦罪人遷之。涇陽君封宛。二十二年，蒙武伐齊。河東為九縣。與楚王會宛。與趙王會中陽。二十三年，尉斯離與三晉、燕伐齊，破之濟西。王與魏王會宜陽，與韓王會新城。二十四年，與楚王會鄢，又會穰。秦取魏安城，至大梁，燕、趙救之，秦軍去。魏冉免相。二十五年，拔趙二城。與韓王會新城，與魏王會新明邑。二十六年，赦罪人遷之穰。侯冉復相。二十七年，錯攻楚。赦罪人遷之南陽。白起攻趙，取代光狼城。又使司馬錯發隴西，因蜀攻楚黔中，拔之。二十八年，大良造白起攻楚，取鄢、鄧，赦罪人遷之。二十九年，大良造白起攻楚，取郢為南郡，楚王走。周君來。王與楚王會襄陵。白起為武安君。三十年，蜀守若伐楚，取巫郡，及江南為黔中郡。三十一年，白起伐魏，取兩城。楚人反我江南。三十二年，相穰侯攻魏，至大梁，破暴鳶，斬首四萬，鳶走，魏入三縣請和。三十三年，客卿胡（傷）［陽］攻魏卷、蔡陽、長社，取之。擊芒卯華陽，破之，斬首十五萬。魏入南陽以和。三十四年，秦與魏、韓上庸地為一郡，南陽免臣遷居之。三十五年，佐韓、魏、楚伐燕。初置南陽郡。三十六年，客卿灶攻齊，取剛、壽，予穰侯。三十八年，中更胡（傷）［陽］攻趙閼與，不能取。四十年，悼太子死魏，歸葬芷陽。四十一年夏，攻魏，取邢丘、懷。四十二年，安國君為太子。十月，宣太后薨，葬芷陽酈山。九月，穰侯出之陶。四十三年，武安君白起攻韓，拔九城，斬首五萬。四十四年，攻韓南（郡）［陽］，取之。四十五年，五大夫賁攻韓，取十城。葉陽君悝出之國，未至而死。四十七年，秦攻韓上黨，上黨降趙，秦因攻趙，趙發兵擊秦，相距。秦使武安君白起擊，大破趙於長平，四十餘萬盡殺之。四十八年十月，韓獻垣雍。秦軍分為三軍。武安君歸。王龁將伐趙（武安）皮牢，拔之。司馬梗北定太原，盡有韓上黨。正月，兵罷，復守上黨。其十月，五大夫陵攻趙邯鄲。四十九年正月，益發卒佐陵。陵戰不善，免，王龁代將。其十月，將軍張唐攻魏，為蔡尉捐弗守，還斬之。五十年十月，武安君白起有罪，為士伍，遷陰密。張唐攻鄭，拔之。十二月，益發卒軍汾城旁。武安君白起有罪，死。龁攻邯鄲，不拔，去，還奔汾軍。二月餘攻晉軍，斬首六千，晉楚流死河二萬人。攻汾城，即從唐拔寧新中，寧新中更名安陽。初作河橋。
In the thirteenth year, Xiang Shou attacked Han and took Wu Shi. The left Geng, Bai Qi, attacked Xincheng. Li, a dignitary of the fifth class, fled to Wei. Ren Bi became prefect of Hanzhong. In the fourth year, the left Geng, Bai Qi, attacked Han and Wei in Yique. He had two hundred forty thousand heads cut, took Gongsun Xi, prisoner, and seized five cities. In the fifteenth year, Daliangzao Bai Qi attacked Wei and took Yuan, which it later returned. He attacked Chu and took Wan. In the sixteenth year, the left Geng Cuo took Zhi and Deng. Ran was dismissed. Wan was given as a fief to prince Shi, Deng to prince Hui, and Tao to Ran of Wei, wo became feudal princes. In the seventeenth year, the lord of Chengyang came to the court audiences, and finally, the lord of East Zhou came to our audiences too. The king of Qin established Puban and Pishi in the region of Yuan. The king went to Yiyang. In the eighteenth year, Cuo attacked Yuan and Heyong, had they bridges cut, and seized the. In the nineteenth year, the king claimed the title of western emperor, and the king of Qin that of eastern emperor. Later, both gave up the titles. Lu Li came to Qin, and returned. Qi attacked Song, and the king of Song settled in Wei. He died in Wen. Ren Bi died. In the twentieth year, the king went to Hanzhong, and then travelled in the commandery of Shang, and in the north of the Yellow River. In the twenty first year, Cuo attacked Wei in the loop of the Yellow River. Wei gave Anyi, and Qin deported its population. Volunteers who accepted to settle east of the Yellow River were rewarded with titles, and criminals were pardoned and deported into these regions. The lord of Jingyang was enfeoffed in Wan. In the twenty second year, Meng Wu attacked Qi. Nine districts were established east of the Yellow River. The king met with the king of Chu in Wan, and with the king of Zhao in Zhongyang. In the twenty third year, governor Si Li, together with the three Jin and Yan, attacked Qi. They took all the lands west of the Ji. The king met with the king of Wei in Yiyang, and with the king of Han in Xincheng. In the twenty fourth year, he met with the king of Chu in Yan, and another time in Rang. The army of Qin took the city of Ancheng, in Wei, and reached Daliang. Yan and Zhao came to relieve it, and the troops of Qin were called back. Ran of Wei ceased being a minister. In the twenty fifth year, two cities of Zhao were taken. The king met with the Han in Xincheng, and again with the king of Wei in Xinmingyi. In the twenty sixth year, criminals were pardoned and sent to Rang. Ran was asked to become a minister again. In the twenty seventh year, Cuo attacked Chu. Convicts were pardoned and sent ot Nanyang. Bai Qi attacked Zhao, and took Guanglangcheng, in Dai. Again, Sima Cuo was sent, from Longxi, to attack Qianzhong, in Chu, through Shu. He took it. In the twenty eighth year, Daliangzao Bai Qi attacked Chu and took Yan and Deng. Convicts were pardoned and sent there. In the twenty ninth year, Daliangzao Bai Qi attacked Chu. He took Ying, and established there the Southern commandery. The king of Chu had to flee. The lord of Zhou came to the court. The king met with the king of Chu in Xiangling. Bai Qi was named lord of Wu’an. In the thirtieth year, Ruo, the prefect of Shu, attacked Chu. He took the commandery of Wu and reached the south of the Long River, where he established the commandery of Qianzhong. In the thirty first year, Bai Qi attacked Wei and took two cities. In the Jiangnan, people of Chu rebelled against Qin. In the thirty second year, the first minister, the marquis of Rang, attacked Wei. He reached Daliang, defeated Bao Yuan, who was sent fleeing, and cut forty thousand heads. The people of Wei gave three districts to sue for peace. In the thirty third year, Keqin Hu Shanf (Yang) attacked Quan, Caiyang and Changshe in Wei, and took all of them. He attacked Mang Mao in Huayang, defeated him, and cut one hundred and fifty thousand heads. Wei gave Nanyang to sue for peace. In the thirty fourth year, Qin gave the territory of Shangyong to Wei and Han, established a commandery, and settled the vassals expelled from Nanyang there. In the thirty fifth year, the king helped Han, Wei and Chu attack Yan. The commandery of Nanyang was established. In the thirty sixth year, Keqing Zao attacked Qi, and took Gang and Shou, which were given to the marquis of Rang. In the thirty eighth year, middle Geng Hu Yang attacked Eyu, in Zhao, but could not take it. In the fortieth year, crown prince Dao died in Wei. His body was sent back. He was buried in Zhiyang. In the forty first year, in spring, Qin attacked Wei and took Xingqiu and Huai. In the forty second year, the lord of Anguo became the crown prince. In the tenth month, queen Xuan died. She was buried in Zhiyang, on mount Li. In the ninth month, the marquis of Rang left for Tao. In the forty third year, the lord of Wu’An, Bai Qi, attacked Han. He took nine cities and cut fifty thousand heads. In the fort fourth year, Han was attacked in Nanyang. The city was taken. In the forty fifth year, Wudafu Bi attacked Han and took ten cities. Hui, the lord of Shenyang, left for his stated, but died before he arrived. In the forty seventh year, Qin attacked Shangdang in Han. Shangdang surrendered to Zhao. Qin therefore attacked Zhao, which sent troops towards the army of Qin. Both hosts held each other. The king of Qin then sent the lord of Wu’An, Bai Qi, to attack. He badly defeated the army of Zhao in Changping, and more than four hundred thousand were killed. In the tenth month of the forty eighth year, the king of Han offered Yuanyong. The army of Qin was split in three. The lord of Wu’an led one back to Qin. Wang He led another attack Zhao in Wu’an and Pilao, which he took. And Sima Geng went north pacify the region of Taiyuan, and conquered all the territory of Shangdang, in Han. In the first month, the troops came back and Shangdang was fortified again. In the tenth month of the same year, Wudafu Ling attacked Zhao in Handan. In the first month of the forty ninth year, soldier were sent to reinforce Ling. He fought a battle, but did not win and was dismissed. Wang He replaced him as the general in chief. In the tenth month, general Zhang Tang attacked the capital of Wei, which had been abandoned by Cai Wei, who did not defend it. As he returned, he had him executed. In the tenth month of the fiftieth year, the lord of Wu’an, Bai Qi, committed a crime. He was demoted as an officer, and deported to Yinmi. Zhang Tang attacked Zheng and took it. In the twelfth month, reinforcements were sent, which were encamped in the vicinity of Fencheng. The lord of Wu’an, Bai Qi, committed a crime, and died. Wang He attacked Handan but could not take it. He retreated and fled to the Fen, where he stayed encamped for more than two months. Then he attacked the army of Jin and cut six thousand heads. Two hundred thousand soldiers of Jin who were fleeing, were drowned in the Yellow River. He attacked Fencheng, then, following Tang, took Ningxinzhong, which was renamed Anyang. For the first time, a bridge over the Yellow River was built there.

五十一年，將軍摎攻韓，取陽城、負黍，斬首四萬。攻趙，取二十餘縣，首虜九萬。西周君背秦，與諸侯約從，將天下銳兵出伊闕攻秦，令秦毋得通陽城。於是秦使將軍摎攻西周。西周君走來自歸，頓首受罪，盡獻其邑三十六城，口三萬。秦王受獻，歸其君於周。五十二年，周民東亡，其器九鼎入秦。周初亡。
In the fifty first year, general Liao attacked Han and took Yangcheng and Fushu, cutting forty thousand heads. He attacked Zhao, and took more than twenty district, capturing more than ninety thousand men. The lord of West Zhou betrayed Qin. He made a vertical alliance with all the feudal princes, and demanded that all weapons in the empire come out of Yique to attack Qin, thus cutting off Yangcheng. The king of Qin then sent general Liao attack the western Zhou. The lord of West Zhou was sent fleeing, and then came back, his head bent, admitting his crimes. He finally offered thirty six of his cities, with a population of over thirty thousand. The king of Qin accepted, and sent the lord back to Zhou. In the fifty second year, the people of Zhou was chased east. Its treasures and the nine tripods were sent to Qin, and Zhou began to be destroyed.

五十三年，天下來賓。魏后，秦使摎伐魏，取吳城。韓王入朝，魏委國聽令。五十四年，王郊見上帝於雍。五十六年秋，昭襄王卒，子孝文王立。尊唐八子為唐太后，而合其葬於先王。韓王衰绖入弔祠，諸侯皆使其將相來弔祠，視喪事。
In the fifty third year, all under heaven came to pay homage. As Wei lagged behind, the king of Qin sent Liao to attack Wei. He took Wucheng. The king of Han went to the court audiences, and the king of Wei offered his state and obeyed the decrees of Qin. In the fifty fourth year, the king sacrificed to the Supreme Souvereign, in Yong. In the fifty sixth year, in autumn, king Zhaoxiang died. His son, king Xiaowen, was crowned. Tang Bazi was honoured with the title of Queen Tang. She was buried with the late king. The king of Han, in mourning robe and belt, made a condolence sacrifice, and all feudal princes sent their generals and ministers make condolence sacrifices, and attend the funeral ceremonies.

孝文王元年，赦罪人，修先王功臣，褒厚親戚，弛苑囿。孝文王除喪，十月己亥即位，三日辛醜卒，子莊襄王立。
In the first year of king Xiaowen, criminals were pardoned, worthy vassals of the late king were restored in their office, rich presents were given to parents and collaterals, and hunting reserves were opened. After king Xiaowen stopped mourning, he was crowned on day Jihai of the tenth month, but three days later, on day Xinchou, he died. His son, king Zhuangxiang was crowned.

莊襄王元年，大赦罪人，修先王功臣，施德厚骨肉而布惠於民。東周君與諸侯謀秦，秦使相國呂不韋誅之，盡入其國。秦不絕其祀，以陽人地賜周君，奉其祭祀。使蒙驁伐韓，韓獻成皋、鞏。秦界至大梁，初置三川郡。二年，使蒙驁攻趙，定太原。三年，蒙驁攻魏高都、汲，拔之。攻趙榆次、新城、狼孟，取三十七城。四月日食。（四年）王龁攻上黨。初置太原郡。魏將無忌率五國兵擊秦，秦卻於河外。蒙驁敗，解而去。五月丙午，莊襄王卒，子政立，是為秦始皇帝。
In the first year of king Zhuangxiang, all criminals were pardoned, worthy vassals of the late king were restored in office. The king was generous to his kin and king to his people. As the lord of East Zhou and the feudal princes plotted against Qin, the king sent the minister of state, Lü Buwei, execute him and take over his kingdom. Yet he did not put an end to the Zhou sacrifices, but offered to their lord the territory of Yangren, so that he could sacrifice to his ancestors. He sent Meng Ao attack Han, who offered Chenggao, Gong. The borders of Qin now reached Daliang and the commandery of Sanchuan was established. In the second year, he sent Meng Ao attack Zhao and pacify Taiyuan. In the third year, Meng Ao attacked Gaodu and Ji in Wei, and took them. He attacked Yuci, Xincheng and Langmeng in Zhao, and took thirty seven cities. In the fourth month the sun was eclipsed. In the fourth year, Wang He attacked Shangdang. The commandery of Taiyuan was established. Wuji, a general of Wei, led the soldiers of five states attack Qin, which retreated on the outer bank of the Yellow River. Meng Ao was defeated. His army scattered and fled. On day Bingwu of the fifth month, king Zhuangxiang died, his son Zheng was crowned and became the first Qin Emperor.

秦王政立二十六年，初并天下為三十六郡，號為始皇帝。始皇帝五十一年而崩，子胡亥立，是為二世皇帝。三年，諸侯并起叛秦，趙高殺二世，立子嬰。子嬰立月餘，諸侯誅之，遂滅秦。其語在始皇本紀中。
Twenty six years after the king of Qin, Zheng, was crowned, he united the empires into thirty six commanderies, and assumed the title of First Emperor. When the First Emperor was fifty one, he died. His son Huhai was crowned as the Second Emperor. In the third year, feudal princes rose and revolted against Qin, Zhao Gao killed the Second Emperor, and crowned Ziying. A little more than a month after, the feudal princes killed Ziying and destroyed Qin. This is told in the reign of the First Emperor of Qin.

太史公曰：秦之先為嬴姓。其後分封，以國為姓，有徐氏、郯氏、莒氏、終黎氏、運奄氏、菟裘氏、將梁氏、黃氏、江氏、修魚氏、白冥氏、蜚廉氏、秦氏。然秦以其先造父封趙城，為趙氏。
Commentary by Sima Qian : the ancestor of Qin was named Ying. His descendents received different fiefdoms, and derived their names from their states. There were Xu, Tan, Ju, Zhongli, Yunyan, Tuqiu, Jiangliang, Huang, Jiang, Xiuyu, Baiming, Feilian, Qin. Yet, Qin, because his ancestor Zaofu had been enfeoffed in Zhaocheng, belonged to the Zhao clan.