Shiji 35 - Houses of Guan and Cai

史記卷三十五·管蔡世家第五
Shiji – Chapter thirty five – Fifth lineage – Guan and Cai

管叔鮮、蔡叔度者，周文王子而武王弟也。武王同母兄弟十人。母曰太姒，文王正妃也。其長子曰伯邑考，次曰武王發，次曰管叔鮮，次曰周公旦，次曰蔡叔度，次曰曹叔振鐸，次曰成叔武，次曰霍叔處，次曰康叔封，次曰冉季載。冉季載最少。同母昆弟十人，唯發、旦賢，左右輔文王，故文王舍伯邑考而以發為太子。及文王崩而發立，是為武王。伯邑考既已前卒矣。
Shuxian of Guan and Shudu of Cai were sons of king Wen of Zhou and younger brother king Wu. The mother of king Wu had had ten sons? She was called Taisi and was the first spouse of king Fei. Her oldest son was named Bo Yikao, the second one was king Wu, Fa, the next one Shuxian of Guan, the next one Dan, the duke of Zhou, the next one Shudu of Cai, the next one Shu Zhenduo of Cao, the next one Shuwu of Cheng, the next one Shuchu of Huo, the next one Shufeng of Kang, the next one Jizai of Ran, who was the youngest son. Among the ten brothers born from one mother, only Fa and Dan were wise men and could assist king Wen. King Wen thus dismissed Bo Yikao, and made Fa his crown prince. When king Wen died, Fa was crowned as king Wu. Bo Yikao had died before.

武王已克殷紂，平天下，封功臣昆弟。於是封叔鮮於管，封叔度於蔡：二人相紂子武庚祿父，治殷遺民。封叔旦於魯而相周，為周公。封叔振鐸於曹，封叔武於成，封叔處於霍。康叔封、冉季載皆少，未得封。
After king Wu prevailed over tyrant Zhou of Yin, he pacified the empire, and enfeoffed his most worthy vassals and brothers. He therefore enfeoffed Shuxian in Guan, and Shudu in Cai. Both were charged to watch the son of Zhou, Wugeng Lufu, and to rule the descendents of the Yin. Shudan was enfeoffed in Lu, and made a minister of Zhou. He became the duke of Zhou. Shuzhenduo received Cao, Shuwu was given Cheng, and Shuchu had Huo. As Shufeng of Kang and Jizai of Ran were still young, their were not granted fiefdoms.

武王既崩，成王少，周公旦專王室。管叔、蔡叔疑周公之為不利於成王，乃挾武庚以作亂。周公旦承成王命伐誅武庚，殺管叔，而放蔡叔，遷之，與車十乘，徒七十人從。而分殷餘民為二：其一封微子啟於宋，以續殷祀；其一封康叔為衛君，是為衛康叔。封季載於冉。冉季、康叔皆有馴行，於是周公舉康叔為周司寇，冉季為周司空，以佐成王治，皆有令名於天下。
When king Wu died, king Cheng was young. Dan, the duke of Zhou, assumed control of the royal household. Shu of Guan and Shu of Cai suspected the duke of Zhou acted not in the best interests of king Cheng. Thus, they encouraged Wugeng to rebel. Dan, the duke of Zhou, was the ordered by king Cheng to attack and kill Wugeng. He killed Shu of Guan and deported Shu of Cai, who left for exile, together with ten chariots and seventy followers. Then, the ancient state of Yin was split in two. A part was given to Ziqi of Wei, as Song, in order to continue the sacrifices to the ancestors of Yin. Another was given to Kangshu, who became lord of Wei, and assumed the title of Kangshu of Wei. Jizai was enfeoffed in Ran. Ji of Ran and Kangshu of Wei were both mild mannered, so the duke of Zhou made Kangshu the minister of Justice of Zhou, and Ji of Ran the minister of construction, and charged the to assist the government of king Cheng. And soon, their name was famous in the empire.

蔡叔度既遷而死。其子曰胡，胡乃改行，率德馴善。周公聞之，而舉胡以為魯卿士，魯國治。於是周公言於成王，復封胡於蔡，以奉蔡叔之祀，是為蔡仲。餘五叔皆就國，無為天子吏者。
Shudu of Cai died in exile. His son was named Hu. He mended his manners, he conformed to virtue, and cultivated benevolence. When the duke of Zhou heard of this, he promoted Hu and made him a minister of Lu, and the state of Lu was well governed. Then, the duke of Zhou spoke of him to king Cheng, who restored Hu in his fief of Cai, entrusting him with the sacrifices to the memory of Cai Shu. He assumed the title of Zhong of Cai. As the other five brothers had been dispatched to their states, none of them became officials of the imperial household.

蔡仲卒，子蔡伯荒立。蔡伯荒卒，子宮侯立。宮侯卒，子厲侯立。厲侯卒，子武侯立。武侯之時，周厲王失國，奔彘，共和行政，諸侯多叛周。
When Zhong of Cai died, his son, Huang, the count of Cai was crowned. When Huang, the count of Cai died, his son, marquis Gong was crowned. When marquis Gong died, his son, marquis Li was crowned. When marquis Li died, his son, marquis Wu was crowned. In the time of marquis Wu, king Li of Zhou lost his kingdom and had to flee to Zhi. The lords of Gong and He took care of the government, and many feudal princes revolted against Zhou.

武侯卒，子夷侯立。夷侯十一年，周宣王即位。二十八年，夷侯卒，子釐侯所事立。
When marquis Wu died, his son was crowned as marquis Yi. In the eleventh year of marquis Yu, king Xuan of Zhou was enthroned. In the twenty eight year, marquis Yi died. His son, Suoshi, was crowned as marquis Li.

釐侯三十九年，周幽王為犬戎所殺，周室卑而東徙。秦始得列為諸侯。
In the thirty ninth year of marquis Li, king You of Zhou was killed by the Quanrong, and the household of Zhou became weak and moved its capital east. The prince of Qin became a feudal prince for the first time.

四十八年，釐侯卒，子共侯興立。共侯二年卒，子戴侯立。戴侯十年卒，子宣侯措父立。
In the forty eighth year, marquis Li died. His son, Xing, was crowned as marquis Gong. Marquis Gong died in the second year of his reign, his son, marquis Dai, was enthroned. Marquis Dai died in the tenth year of his reign. His son, Cuofu, was crowned as marquis Xuan.

宣侯二十八年，魯隱公初立。三十五年，宣侯卒，子桓侯封人立。桓侯三年，魯弒其君隱公。二十年，桓侯卒，弟哀侯獻舞立。
In the twenty eight year of marquis Xuan, duke Yin of Lu was crowned. In the thirty fifth year, marquis Xuan died. His son, Fengren, was crowned as marquis huan. In the third year of marquis Huan, the people of Lu killed their lord, duke Yin. In the twentieth year, marquis Huan died, his brother, Xianwu, was crowned as marquis Ai.

哀侯十一年，初，哀侯娶陳，息侯亦娶陳。息夫人將歸，過蔡，蔡侯不敬。息侯怒，請楚文王：「來伐我，我求救於蔡，蔡必來，楚因擊之，可以有功。」楚文王從之，虜蔡哀侯以歸。哀侯留九歲，死於楚。凡立二十年卒。蔡人立其子肸，是為繆侯。
In the eleventh year of duke Ai. Before, marquis Ai had take a wife in Chen. Marquis Xi had also taken a wife in Chen. As the wife of marquis Xi was going to her state, she passed through Chen, and the marquis of Cai did not treat her correctly. Marquis Xi was angered, and told king Wen of Chu: "Come attack my state, I will ask for help in Cai, and its lord will certainly come. Chu can attack it on this pretense, and benefit from it." King Wen of Chu agreed, he took marquis Ai of Cai prisoner, and took him back. Marquis Ai stayed in Chu for nine years, and died there. He died after twenty years of reign. The people of Cai crowned his son, Xi, who became marquis Mu.

繆侯以其女弟為齊桓公夫人。十八年，齊桓公與蔡女戲船中，夫人蕩舟，桓公止之，不止，公怒，歸蔡女而不絕也。蔡侯怒，嫁其弟。齊桓公怒，伐蔡；蔡潰，遂虜繆侯，南至楚邵陵。已而諸侯為蔡謝齊，齊侯歸蔡侯。二十九年，繆侯卒，子莊侯甲午立。
Marquis Mu married one of his younger sisters to duke Huan of Qi. In the eighteenth year, duke Huan of Qi was carousing with the princess of Cai on a boat when his lady tried to rock the boat. Duke Huan tried to stop her, but she did not. The duke was angered, and sent back the princess of Cai, refusing to see her again. The marquis of Cai, unhappy, married her to his younger brother. Angry, duke Huan of Qi attacked Cai. The army of Cai was routed, and marquis Mu was taken prisoner. Marching south, duke Huan reached Shaoling, in Chu. After that, feudal lords interceded with Qi on behalf of Cai, and the marquis of Qi sent the marquis of Cai back. In the twenty ninth year, marquis Mu died. His son, Jiawu, was crowned as marquis Zhuang.

莊侯三年，齊桓公卒。十四年，晉文公敗楚於城濮。二十年，楚太子商臣弒其父成王代立。二十五年，秦穆公卒。三十三年，楚莊王即位。三十四年，莊侯卒，子文侯申立。
In the third year of marquis Zhuang, duke Huan of Qi died. In the fourteenth year, duke Wen of Jin defeated Chu in Chengpu. In the twentieth year, the crown prince of Chu, Shangchen, killed his father, King Cheng, and reigned in his place In the twenty fifth year, duke Mu of Qin died. In the thirty third year, king Zhuang of Chu was crowned. In the thirty fourth year, marquis Zhuang died. His son, Shen, was crowned as marquis Wen.

文侯十四年，楚莊王伐陳，殺夏徵舒。十五年，楚圍鄭，鄭降楚，楚復醳之。二十年，文侯卒，子景侯固立。
In the fourteenth year of marquis Wen, king Zhuang of Chu attacked Chen and killed Zhengshu of of Xia. In the fifteenth year, Chu besieged the capital of Zheng. The lord of Zheng surrendered to Chu, but Chu later released him. In the twentieth year, marquis Wen died. His son, marquis Jing, Gu, was crowned.

景侯元年，楚莊王卒。四十九年，景侯為太子般娶婦於楚，而景侯通焉。太子弒景侯而自立，是為靈侯。
In the first year of marquis Jing, king Zhuang of Chu died. In the forty ninth year, marquis Jing married the crown prince, Ban, to a princess of Chu, but marquis Jing had relations with her. The crown prince killed marquis Jing and took the throne for himself, becoming marquis Ling.

靈侯二年，楚公子圍弒其王郟敖而自立，為靈王。九年，陳司徒招弒其君哀公。楚使公子棄疾滅陳而有之。十二年，楚靈王以靈侯弒其父，誘蔡靈侯于申，伏甲飲之，醉而殺之，刑其士卒七十人。令公子棄疾圍蔡。十一月，滅蔡，使棄疾為蔡公。
In the second year of marquis Ling, prince Wei of Chu killed his king, Jia'Ao and took over the throne, as king Ling. In the ninth year, the minister of instruction of Chen, Zhao, killed his lord, duke Ai. Chu sent prince Qiji destroy Chen, and rule it. In the twelfth year, king Ling of Chu, because marquis Ling had killed his father, lured marquis Ling of Cai in Shen. He set up an ambush during a banquet, and when marquis Ling was drunk, he had him killed, and executed seventy of his guards. He then ordered prince Qiji to besiege Cai. In the eleventh month, he destroyed Cai, and established Qiji as duke of Cai.

楚滅蔡三歲，楚公子棄疾弒其君靈王代立，為平王。平王乃求蔡景侯少子廬，立之，是為平侯。是年，楚亦復立陳。楚平王初立，欲親諸侯，故復立陳、蔡后。
Three years after Chu destroyed Cai, prince Qiji of Chu killed his lord, king Ling, and claimed the throne for himself, becoming king Ping. King Ping then summoned the youngest son of marquis Jing of Cai, Lu, and put him on the throne as marquis Ping. That year, Chu restored Chen. When king Ping of Chu began his reign, he wanted to have relations with the feudal princes. For this reason, he restored on their thrones the descendents of Cai and Chen.

平侯九年卒，靈侯般之孫東國攻平侯子而自立，是為悼侯。悼侯父曰隱太子友。隱太子友者，靈侯之太子，平侯立而殺隱太子，故平侯卒而隱太子之子東國攻平侯子而代立，是為悼侯。悼侯三年卒，弟昭侯申立。
In the ninth year, marquis Ping died. Dongguo, the grandson of Ban, marquis Ling, attacked the son of marquis Ping, and claimed the throne for himself, becoming marquis Dao. The father of marquis Dao was crown prince Yin, You. Crown prince Yin, You, was the crown prince of marquis Lin. When marquis Ping was crowned, he had him killed. For this reason, after marquis Ping died, the son of crown prince Yin, Dongguo, attacked the son of marquis Ping and ruled in his place as marquis Dao. In the third year, marquis Dao died. His brother, marquis Zhao, Shen was crowned.

昭侯十年，朝楚昭王，持美裘二，獻其一於昭王而自衣其一。楚相子常欲之，不與。子常讒蔡侯，留之楚三年。蔡侯知之，乃獻其裘於子常；子常受之，乃言歸蔡侯。蔡侯歸而之晉，請與晉伐楚。
In the tenth year, marquis Zhao went to the court audiences of king Zhao of Chu. He took with him two beautiful coats of fur, and gave one to king Zhao, wearing the other himself. The minister of Chu, Zichang, wanted the coat, but the marquis did not give it to him. Zichang therefore slandered the marquis of Cai, suggesting that he be kept in Chu for three years. When the marquis of Cai understood what was happening, he gave his fur coat to Zichang, who accepted it, and told the king to let the marquis of Cai return. As the marquis of Cai returned, he went to Jin, and negociated an alliance with Jin, in order to attack Chu.

十三年春，與衛靈公會邵陵。蔡侯私於周萇弘以求長於衛；衛使史言康叔之功德，乃長衛。夏，為晉滅沈，楚怒，攻蔡。蔡昭侯使其子為質於吳，以共伐楚。冬，與吳王闔閭遂破楚入郢。蔡怨子常，子常恐，奔鄭。十四年，吳去而楚昭王復國。十六年，楚令尹為其民泣以謀蔡，蔡昭侯懼。二十六年，孔子如蔡。楚昭王伐蔡，蔡恐，告急於吳。吳為蔡遠，約遷以自近，易以相救；昭侯私許，不與大夫計。吳人來救蔡，因遷蔡于州來。二十八年，昭侯將朝于吳，大夫恐其復遷，乃令賊利殺昭侯；已而誅賊利以解過，而立昭侯子朔，是為成侯。
In the thirteenth year, in spring, the lord of Cai met with duke Ling of Wey in Shaoling. The marquis of Cai had a private discussion with Changhong of Zhou, demanding that he be given precedence over Wey. But Wey sent his historian, tell about the deeds and virtue of Kangshu, and the precedence was given to Wey. In summer, he destroyed Shen on behalf of Jin. This angered the lord of Chu, who attacked Cai. Marquis Zhao of Cai then sent his son as a hostage in Wu, in order to jointly attack Chu. In winter, allied with the king of Wu, Helü, Cai defeated Chu and entered Yin. As the lord of Cai resented Zichang, Zichang was afraid, and fled to Zheng. In the fourteenth year, the soldiers of Wu retreated, and king Zhao of Chu restored his state. In the sixteenth year, the prime minister (Lingyin) of Chu began conspiring against Cai, in order to soothe the cries of his people, and marquis Zhao of Cai was afraid. In the twenty sixth year Confucius went to Cai. King Zhao of Chu attacked Cai, who was afraid and asked for help in Wu. The lord of Wu, considering that Cai was too far away, resolved to displace its lord close to him, so that helping each other would become easy. And marquis Zhao secretly accepted, but did not let his dignitaries know of this scheme. The people of Wu came to relieve Cai and moved its capital to Zhoulai. In the twenty eighth year, as marquis Zhao was about to go to the court audiences in Wu, the dignitaries were afraid that he would manage to displace the capital. So, their ordered a mercenary to kill marquis Zhao. After, the mercenary was executed, as a punishment for his crime, they crowned the son of duke Zhao, Shuo, who became, marquis Cheng.

成侯四年，宋滅曹。十年，齊田常弒其君簡公。十三年，楚滅陳。十九年，成侯卒，子聲侯產立。聲侯十五年卒，子元侯立。元侯六年卒，子侯齊立。
In the fourth year of marquis Cheng, Song destroyed Cao In the tenth year, Tian Chang of Qi killed his lord, Duke Jian. In the thirteenth year, Chu destroyed Chen. In the nineteenth year, marquis Cheng died, his son, Chan, was crowned as marquis Sheng. In the fifteenth year, marquis Sheng died. His son was crowned as marquis Yuan. In the sixth year, marquis Yuan died. His son, Houqi was crowned.

侯齊四年，楚惠王滅蔡，蔡侯齊亡，蔡遂絕祀。后陳滅三十三年。
In the fourth year of Houqi, king Hui of Chu destroyed Cai. Houqi of Cai fled, and the sacrifices to the house of Cai ceased. This happened thirty three years after Chen was destroyed.

伯邑考，其后不知所封。武王發，其后為周，有本紀言。管叔鮮作亂誅死，無后。周公旦，其后為魯，有世家言。蔡叔度，其后為蔡，有世家言。曹叔振鐸，有后為曹，有世家言。成叔武，其後世無所見。霍叔處，其后晉獻公時滅霍。康叔封，其后為衛，有世家言。冉季載，其後世無所見。
Nobody knows where the descendents of Boyikao were enfeoffed. The descendents of King Wu, Fa, were the house of Zhou, this is told in the reigns. Shuxian of Guan rebelled and was executed. He had no descendents. The descendents of the duke of Zhou, Dan, were the rulers of Lu, this is told in the lineages. The descendents of Shudu of Cai were the rulers of Cai, this is told in the lineages. The descendents of Shu Zhenduo of Cao were the rulers of Cao, this is told in a lineage. The fate of the descendents of Shuwu of Cheng is unknown. The descendents of Shucho of Huo were the ruler of of Huo, which was destroyed during the reign of marquis Xian of Jin. The descendents of Kang Shufeng were the rulers of Wey, this is told in the lineages. The fate of the descendents of Jizai of Ran is unknown.

太史公曰：管蔡作亂，無足載者。然周武王崩，成王少，天下既疑，賴同母之弟成叔、冉季之屬十人為輔拂，是以諸侯卒宗周，故附之世家言。
Commentary by Sima Qian : As Guan and Cai rebelled, their story should not be recorded. Yet after king Wu of Zhou died, as king Cheng was still you, the empire had doubts. They relied on some ten persons like Cheng Shu and Ran You, who became supports of the regime. Because of this, feudal prices respected the Zhou, and therefore, they deserve to be told in a lineage.



曹叔振鐸者，周武王弟也。武王已克殷紂，封叔振鐸於曹。
Shu Zhenduo of Cao was a brother of King Wu of Zhou. After king Wu prevailed upon Zhou of Yin, he gave Shu Zhenduo a fiefdom in Cao.

叔振鐸卒，子太伯脾立。太伯卒，子仲君平立。仲君平卒，子宮伯侯立。宮伯侯卒，子孝伯云立。孝伯云卒，子夷伯喜立。
When Shu Zhenduo died, his son, Pi, Count Tai, was crowned. When Pi died, his son, Ping, lord Zhong was crowned. When Ping, Lord Zhong died, his son, Hou, count Gong, was crowned. When Hou, count Gong died, his son, Yun was crowned as count Xiao. When Yun, Count Xiao died, his son, Xi, was crowned as count Yi.

夷伯二十三年，周厲王奔于彘。
In the twenty third year of count Yi, king Li of Zhou fled to Zhi.

三十年卒，弟幽伯彊立。幽伯九年，弟蘇殺幽伯代立，是為戴伯。戴伯元年，周宣王已立三歲。三十年，戴伯卒，子惠伯兕立。
In the thirtieth year, count Yi died. His brother, Jiang, was crowned as count You. In the ninth year of his reign, count You was killed by his brother, Su, who usurped his throne, and became count Dai. In the first year of count Dai, king Xuan of Zhou had already reigned for three years. In the thirtieth year, count Dai died. His son, Si, was crowned as count Hui.

惠伯二十五年，周幽王為犬戎所殺，因東徙，益卑，諸侯畔之。秦始列為諸侯。
In the twenty fifth year of count Hui, king You of Zhou was killed by the Quanrong, and the capital of Zhou was therefore moved eastwards. The Zhou were very weak and feudal princes revolted against them. The prince of Qin began to be a feudal prince.

三十六，惠伯卒，子石甫立，其弟武殺之代立，是為繆公。繆公三年卒，子桓公終生立。
In the thirty sixth year, cout Hui died. His son, Shifu was crowned, but his brother, Wu, killed him and reigned in his place, as duke Mu. Duke Mu died in the third year of his reign. His son, Zhongsheng, was crowned as duke Huan.

桓公三十五年，魯隱公立。四十五年，魯弒其君隱公。四十六年，宋華父督弒其君殤公，及孔父。五十五年，桓公卒，子莊公夕姑立。
In the thirty fifth year of duke Huan, duke Yin of Lu was enthroned. In the forty fifth year, the people of Lu killed their lord, duke Yin. In the forty sixth year, Hua Fudu of Song killed his lord, duke Shang and Kong Fu. In the fifty fifth year, duke Huan died. His son, Xigu, was crowned as duke Zhuang.

莊公二十三年，齊桓公始霸。
In the twenty third year of duke Zhuang, duke Huan of Qi became hegemon for the first time.

三十一年，莊公卒，子釐公夷立。釐公九年卒，子昭公班立。昭公六年，齊桓公敗蔡，遂至楚召陵。九年，昭公卒，子共公襄立。
In the thirty first year, duke Zhuang died. His son, Yi, was crowned as duke Li. Duke Li died in the ninth year of his reign, and his son, Ban, was crowned as duke Zhao. In the sixth year of duke Zhao, duke Huan of Qi defeated Cai, and marched forward to Zhaoling, in Chy. In the ninth year, duke Zhao died, his son, Xiang, was crowned as duke Gong.

共公十六年，初，晉公子重耳其亡過曹，曹君無禮，欲觀其駢脅。釐負羈諫，不聽，私善於重耳。二十一年，晉文公重耳伐曹，虜共公以歸，令軍毋入釐負羈之宗族閭。或說晉文公曰：「昔齊桓公會諸侯，復異姓；今君囚曹君，滅同姓，何以令於諸侯？」晉乃復歸共公。
In the sixteenth year of duke Gong. In the past, while prince Zhong'er of Jin was fleeing, he had passed through Cao. But the lord of Cao had not paid him respects, and had asked to see his joined ribs. Li Fuji made him reproaches, because he secretly liked Zhong'er, but he would not listen. In the twenty first year, Zhong'er Duke Wen of Jin, attacked Cao. He captured duke Gong and returned, ordering his army not to enter the village of the ancestors of Li Fuji. Some people told duke Wen of Jin : "In the past, when duke Huan of Qi led the conferences of with the feudal princes, he brought back together people of different clans. Now, your lordship holds the lord of Cao, and is about to destroy someone of the same clan. How then could you lead the feudal princes?" Jin thus sent back and restored duke Gong.

二十五年，晉文公卒。三十五年，共公卒，子文公壽立。文公二十三年卒，子宣公彊立。宣公十七年卒，弟成公負芻立。
In the twenty fifth year, duke Wen of Jin died. In the thirty fifth year, duke Gong died. His son, Shou, was crowned as duke Wen. Duke Wen died in the twenty third year of his reign. His song, Qiang, was crowned as duke Xuan. Duke Xuan died in the seventeenth year of his reign. His brother, Fuchu, was crowned as duke Cheng.

成公三年，晉厲公伐曹，虜成公以歸，已復釋之。五年，晉欒書、中行偃使程滑弒其君厲公。二十三年，成公卒，子武公勝立。武公二十六年，楚公子棄疾弒其君靈王代立。二十七年，武公卒，子平公（頃）［須］立。平公四年卒，子悼公午立。是歲，宋、衛、陳、鄭皆火。
In the third year of duke Cheng, duke Li of Jin attacked Cao. He took duke Cheng prisoner and brought him back. Then he freed him again. In the fifth year, Luan Shu of Jin and Yan of Zhonghang sent Cheng Hua kill his lord, duke Li. In the twenty third year, duke Cheng died. His son, Sheng, was crowned as duke Wu. In the twenty sixth year of Duke Wu, prince Qiji of Chu killed his lord, king Ling, and reigned in his place. In the twenty seventh year, duke Wu died. His son, Qing (Xu), was crowned as king Ping. In the fourth year, king Ping died. His son, Wu, was crowned as king Dao. That year, there were fires in Song, Wei Chen, and Zheng.

悼公八年，宋景公立。九年，悼公朝于宋，宋囚之；曹立其弟野，是為聲公。悼公死於宋，歸葬。
In the eighth year of duke Dao, duke Jing of Song was crowned. In the ninth year, duke Dao went to the court audiences of Song, but the lord of Song held him captive. The people of Cao crowned his brother, Ye, who became duke Sheng. When Duke Dao died in Song, his body was sent back to be buried.

聲公五年，平公弟通弒聲公代立，是為隱公。隱公四年，聲公弟露弒隱公代立，是為靖公。靖公四年卒，子伯陽立。
In the fifth year of duke Sheng, Tong, the brother of duke Ping killed duke Sheng, and claimed the throne for himself. He became duke Yin. In the fourth year of duke Yin, Lu, the brother of duke Sheng killed duke Yin and claimed the throne for himself. He became duke Jing. In the fourth year, duke Jing died. His son, Boyang, was crowned.

伯陽三年，國人有夢眾君子立于社宮，謀欲亡曹；曹叔振鐸止之，請待公孫彊，許之。旦，求之曹，無此人。夢者戒其子曰：「我亡，爾聞公孫彊為政，必去曹，無離曹禍。」及伯陽即位，好田弋之事。六年，曹野人公孫彊亦好田弋，獲白鴈而獻之，且言田弋之說，因訪政事。伯陽大說之，有寵，使為司城以聽政。夢者之子乃亡去。
In the third year of Boyang, in the state, someone dreamt that all lords and princes were standing in the temple of the land, and that they were plotted the destruction of Cao. Shu Zhenduo of Cao stopped them, and demanded that they wait for Gongsun Qiang, which they agreed. In the morning, he went to look in the capital of Cao, but there was no such person. The man who had dreamed warned his son: "We are about to be destroyed, if you hear that a person named Gongsun Qiang has been entrusted with the government, you must leave Cao. If you don't, you will suffer the calamities in Cao." After Boyang was enthroned, he like all things related to bow hunting. In the sixth year, a countryman of Cao, Gongsun Qiang, liked bow hunting, he shot a white goose and offered it to the prince, and went on discussing bow hunting with him. Because of this, the prince consulted him on government matters. Boyang was delighted and made him one of his favourites. Gongsun Qiang then became minister of construction, and consulted on government matters. The son of the dreamer than left the country.

公孫彊言霸說於曹伯。十四年，曹伯從之，乃背晉干宋。宋景公伐之，晉人不救。十五年，宋滅曹，執曹伯陽及公孫彊以歸而殺之。曹遂絕其祀。
Gongsun Jiang told the count of Cao about hegemony. In the fourteenth year, the count followed his advice, and turned his back at Qin to attack Song. But when count Jing of Song attacked him, the people of Jin did not come to his rescue. In the fifteenth year, Song destroyed Cao, they captured Yang, the count of Cao and Gongsun Jiang, brought them back and killed them. Thus ended the ancestral sacrifice of Cao.

太史公曰：余尋曹共公之不用僖負羈，乃乘軒者三百人，知唯德之不建。及振鐸之夢，豈不欲引曹之祀者哉？如公孫彊不修厥政，叔鐸之祀忽諸。
Commentary by Sima Qian : In my opinion, when duke Gong of Cao did not listen to Xi Fuji, the three hundred dignitaries in large chariots in his state already knew that his virtue was not enough to establish a state. When it came to the dream of Zhenduo, did he not intend to continue the ancestral sacrifices of Cao? If Gongsun Qiang had not tried to change the government, would the sacrifices to Shuduo have ceased?